{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Using waste to beat carbon limits' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54ba6dd8eafeecae11d6fa' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54ba6dd8eafeecae11d6fa' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nUsing waste to beat carbon limits\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP Television   IJmuiden, Netherlands - March 30, 20111. Wide of smoke billowing out of Corus steel plant 2. Wide of plant with smoke billowing from chimneys3. Wide of plant with canal in front, smoke billowing from chimneysAP...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television   \u003cbr/\u003eIJmuiden, Netherlands - March 30, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of smoke billowing out of Corus steel plant \u003cbr/\u003e2. Wide of plant with smoke billowing from chimneys\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide of plant with canal in front, smoke billowing from chimneys\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eMaastricht, Netherlands - March 28, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e4. Wide of ENCI cement plant in Maastricht\u003cbr/\u003e5. Wide of Biomill (where meat \u0026amp; bones are ground to be used as alternative fuel)  plus cement factory in background\u003cbr/\u003e6. Close of Biomill sign\u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jan Theulen, Sustainability Manager at ENCI cement factory:\u003cbr/\u003e\"When we started in the 80s CO2 was not a topic and we started to use waste as a resource. And when CO2 became more important we looked more to the CO2 level of our alternative materials and in our selection process we now take big advantage - no, we take into account the CO2 level of each of our waste streams and we target for a higher biomass share in our fuels.\"\u003cbr/\u003e8. Wide of rotating kiln of cement factory where alternative fuels are used \u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jan Theulen, Sustainability Manager at ENCI cement factory: \u003cbr/\u003e\"In this facility we are using all kind of alternative materials which we see as a resource for our kiln to substitute traditional fuels. The type of alternatives that we are using are meat and bonemeal. We are using paper and plastic mixture from commercial waste and we are using sewage sludge, which is a residue from the waste water treatment industries. This specific stream has the highest share in the alternative fuel mix.\"\u003cbr/\u003e10. Close low angle of rotating kiln\u003cbr/\u003e11. Wide of crane hoisting alternative fuel towards kiln \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eLixhe, Belgium - March 28, 2011  \u003cbr/\u003e12. Wide of car tyres used as alternative fuel, cement factory in background \u003cbr/\u003e13. Pan right from car tyres, used as alternative fuel, to wider view with cement factory in background\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eMaastricht, Netherlands -  March 28, 2011  \u003cbr/\u003e14. SOUNDBITE (English) Jan Theulen, Sustainability Manager at ENCI cement factory: \u003cbr/\u003e\"The waste products are either coming from municipalities, like sewage sludge or household waste, which is then treated in waste treatment centres. Or it is coming from industries which have to get rid of their waste in responsible ways, and we give them then the service to valorise their waste in our kiln.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eLixhe, Belgium - March 28, 2011  \u003cbr/\u003e15. Wide of tyres used as alternative fuel with cement plant backdrop  \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eMaastricht, Netherlands - March 28, 2011     \u003cbr/\u003e16. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jan Theulen, Sustainability Manager at ENCI cement factory: \u003cbr/\u003e\"In general we get a fee for taking care of the waste and this fee is then being paid by the industries.\"\u003cbr/\u003e17. Wide of ENCI cement factory \u003cbr/\u003e18. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jan Theulen, Sustainability Manager at ENCI cement factory: \u003cbr/\u003e\"We started to use alternative fuels after the oil crisis when we were aware that fuel prices were only to increase and that we didn't want to be so sensitive on traditional fuels only.  And then waste streams came available and we started to consider how we could use waste streams as a resource and from then we improved our rate until this kiln now has reached 90% substitution.\" \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eLixhe Belgium - March 28, 2011  \u003cbr/\u003e19. Mid of workers replacing ceramic tiles inside the kiln of the Lixhe cement factory \u003cbr/\u003e20. Wide of interior of kiln tunnel with workers inside   \u003cbr/\u003eEuropean Union efforts to curb harmful CO2 emissions from industry could be having the opposite effect say critics.\u003cbr/\u003eAlthough some companies are finding innovative ways to generate power, trading in carbon credits allows others to enjoy windfall profits without having to change their polluting ways.\u003cbr/\u003eThis Corus steel plant in the Netherlands is typical of the industry - great plumes of smoke pumping into the atmosphere from the furnaces that power productivity in the plant.\u003cbr/\u003eHeavy industry burns up a lot of energy - and that can mean lots of CO2 emissions.\u003cbr/\u003eGreenhouse gasses given off by industry contribute to climate change say scientists.\u003cbr/\u003eCement factories also need a lot of energy.  Most burn coal - with all the CO2 pollution that follows.\u003cbr/\u003eBut as concern grow about global warming from carbon emissions, some are powering their kilns with more innovative fuels: sewage sludge, old tyres and city garbage. \u003cbr/\u003eThe result is less carbon dioxide belching from the smokestack - and in Europe, carbon efficiency can be converted into cash.\u003cbr/\u003eSix years ago the European Union launched a scheme to compel power plants and heavy industries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions - or make them pay. Companies were given a set number of emission rights. \u003cbr/\u003eThose that polluted more than allowed could buy credits from industries that emitted less and had permits to spare. Now carbon dioxide, an invisible, almost intangible waste product, has become a tradable commodity like copper or corn futures.\u003cbr/\u003eFor Jan Theulen, Sustainability Manager at ENCI cement factory, alternative fuel sources have long been a concern:\u003cbr/\u003e\"When we started in the 80s CO2 was not a topic and we started to use waste as a resource. And when CO2 became more important we looked more to the CO2 level of our alternative materials and in our selection process we now take big advantage - no, we take into account the CO2 level of each of our waste streams and we target for a higher biomass share in our fuels.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThis giant rotating kiln devours a wide variety of alternative fuels, pre-processed in the Biomill  It's an efficient way to bring power to the cement plant says Jan Theulen:\u003cbr/\u003e\"In this facility we are using all kind of alternative materials which we see as a resource for our kiln to substitute traditional fuels. The type of alternatives that we are using are meat and bonemeal. We are using paper and plastic mixture from commercial waste and we are using sewage sludge, which is a residue from the waste water treatment industries. This specific stream has the highest share in the alternative fuel mix.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe 12,500 factories and power plants covered by the European Trading Scheme, or ETS, are supposed to receive fewer allocations than they need, driving them to invest in carbon-saving technology. Last year more than $120 billion in pollution allowances - carbon credits - changed hands through banks, traders and commodities exchanges. One credit, representing one ton of CO2, averaged about �15 ($21) until the Japan nuclear disaster drove the price above �17 ($24).\u003cbr/\u003eMany companies acknowledge that any savings of emissions derives more from the economic downturn or measures to cut fuel costs than from energy innovation.\u003cbr/\u003eHeidelberg Cement's factory in Lixhe in Belgium, one of about 50 installations under the ETS, is an example of how the system works. It began looking for cheaper fuel alternatives years ago, after the oil crisis of the 1970s, long before a price was put on carbon emissions.\u003cbr/\u003eNow, rather than pay for coal, Heidelberg gets paid for disposing rubbish. \u003cbr/\u003eAbout 3,000 old tyres are shoveled daily into the kiln of its factory in Lixhe.  At their other plant in Maastricht, 10 kilometers (6 miles) across the Dutch border, a crane grabs a claw-full of fuel for its oven -a mixture of paper, shredded plastic, carpet threads and other textiles. Nearby, a grinder prepares animal and bone meal to feed into the kiln, along with sewage sludge trucked from cities all over the southern Netherlands.\u003cbr/\u003eThere is no shortage of waste suppliers, anxious to be rid of their own pollution and willing to pay for the privilege, says Jan Theulen, Sustainability Manager for Heidelberg Cement,s ENCI cement factory: \u003cbr/\u003e\"The waste products are either coming from municipalities, like sewage sludge or household waste, which is then treated in waste treatment centres. Or it is coming from industries which have to get rid of their waste in responsible ways, and we give them then the service to valorise their waste in our kiln.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBecause they were early to convert to low-carbon fuels, Heidelberg's Maastricht and Lixhe plants normally emit less than permitted. Maastricht has an annual allowance of 716,000 tons, but emitted only 528,000 tons in 2010.  Trading excess carbon credits makes additional profits for the company.\u003cbr/\u003eSo, has this actually reduced Europe's greenhouse gas emissions?\u003cbr/\u003eCritics say design flaws, coupled with a two-year recession that slowed industry's pace, has stripped the system of much of the incentive to go green. Mistakes can only be corrected when new rules take effect in the next phase, from 2013 to 2020. The installations in the trading scheme account for about half of Europe's emissions, with the rest coming from transportation, heating or cooling, and the normal activities of daily life.\u003cbr/\u003eRather than feel a financial bite, some companies - including some of the worst polluters - are making windfall profits. Power companies were given free carbon permits, but they raised electricity fees to their customers anyway - as if they had paid the market price for their permits - and pocketed the markup. Many companies were allocated too many allowances, often the result of powerful lobbying of the governments that give the permits.\u003cbr/\u003eIt's a problem that is acknowledged by the European Commission on Climate Action, the European Union's executive arm that drafts policy to fight climate change.  After 2013 free allocations will be sharply reduced, forcing companies to pay for their permits, and fewer will be distributed.\u003cbr/\u003eBut companies can save against that day. They don't have to sell leftover allocations, but can \"bank\" them to use or sell in future years, allowing them to further delay carbon-reduction measures.\u003cbr/\u003eEuropean emissions from all sources have indeed fallen. By 2010 they were 17 percent less than the international benchmark year of 1990, and are easily on target to meet the EU commitment of a 20 percent reduction by 2020.  If Europe boosts its energy efficiency, that decade-ending figure could even reach 25 percent.\u003cbr/\u003eBut industry executives, traders and environmentalists have varying views of the effectiveness of the European system.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Barcelona-based nonprofit group Carbon Trade Watch claims it hasn't really reduced emissions, but instead has pushed money in the wrong direction and actually acted as a subsidy for the heaviest polluters.\u003cbr/\u003eData released April 1 by the European Commission shows emissions of ETS installations last year were 1,935 million tons, roughly 3 percent mor,e than the previous year and 50 million tons under the annual cap. Point Carbon, a Norway-based market intelligence company, says the increase reflected a recovery of production from the economic downturn after two years of sharp decline.\u003cbr/\u003eEnvironmentalists say the process is not moving fast enough to avert the trend of a warming world. A U.N. panel of scientists has warned that unless the growth of heat-trapping gases is halted within a few years and begins to decline, melting ice caps may cause sea levels to rise and flood coastlines. This in turn could lead to millions of people being displaced by shrinking water supplies and shifting agricultural conditions, and the frequency of extreme weather events will increase.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan 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