{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Brain stimulation effective with eating disorders' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bb69d8eafeecae124e0d' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bb69d8eafeecae124e0d' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nBrain stimulation effective with eating disorders\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eThis is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, or rTMS.Put simply it's a high frequency magnetic field that is sent through the skull.A twitch in the fingers of this student volunteer shows that the target part of the brain is...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eThis is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, or rTMS.\u003cbr/\u003ePut simply it's a high frequency magnetic field that is sent through the skull.\u003cbr/\u003eA twitch in the fingers of this student volunteer shows that the target part of the brain is being reached.\u003cbr/\u003eThese connections are vital for example to reach the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is implicated in the experience of craving, and an important trigger for bingeing. \u003cbr/\u003eDr Frederique Van den Eynde is part of a team which is investigating whether this type of stimulation may one day be used to treat people with eating disorders.\u003cbr/\u003eParticularly anorexia nervosa.\u003cbr/\u003eThis sort of brain stimulation is already being used to treat depression, but it's not yet an accepted therapy for food disorders.\u003cbr/\u003eKat Damezer was at school doing exams when she became anorexic.\u003cbr/\u003eDuring a family holiday to Tibet she caught a virus and became very ill, losing a considerable amount of weight.\u003cbr/\u003eAt first she enjoyed the weight loss.\u003cbr/\u003eThen she enjoyed the sensation of being hungry and she liked the fact that she was destroying her body.\u003cbr/\u003eDamezer says \"I used to feel faint all the time and every morning black out for a while every time I got out of bed and I used to be freezing, constantly freezing and shivering and having funny heart palpitations and having this constant feeling like your stomach was eating itself, you're just so hungry and it kind of becomes enjoyable and satisfying because you know you're doing a good job at having an eating disorder.\"\u003cbr/\u003eDoctors say anorexics are the greatest danger to themselves.\u003cbr/\u003eThey are intensely controlled, focussed and able to use many deceptions to cover the fact that they're not eating.\u003cbr/\u003eDamezer was intellectually very bright and destined to become a medical student.\u003cbr/\u003eBut she became so thin that her teachers gave her an ultimatum: see a doctor, or leave school.\u003cbr/\u003eWithin days Damezer was admitted to hospital.\u003cbr/\u003eShe was losing weight rapidly and it was having a severe impact on her heart.\u003cbr/\u003eIt would be seven months before she was allowed to leave the ward and much longer before she could resume her studies.\u003cbr/\u003eWith others in the eating disorders unit she had to learn to eat again and to feel normal around food.\u003cbr/\u003eThen came psychotherapy and after a diagnosis for depression she was prescribed antidepressants.\u003cbr/\u003eAn insight to that time is revealing. \u003cbr/\u003eDamezer remembers her shock at seeing a new girl on the ward who was thinner than she was \"I remember first seeing her and kind of being taken aback by her, but then just being jealous knowing that I wasn't as thin as her, at the same time knowing that it didn't look good, but still being jealous.\"\u003cbr/\u003eShe says \"I saw my spine in the mirror and thought, I was quite scared because I could see all the bones protruding  and it was the only point when I thought, oh it doesn't look too good. Apart from that I knew I wasn't attractive to other people, but it was unacceptable for me to look any other way really.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to the Institute of Psychiatry about 2 per cent of women will be affected by anorexia nervosa during their lives. \u003cbr/\u003eThe mortality rate is high. A fifth will be killed by their illness. \u003cbr/\u003eProfessor Ulrike Schmidt is leading investigations into potential treatments at the Institute of Psychiatry and she believes anorexia has a long history reaching back to the middle ages.\u003cbr/\u003eShe says although there are important overlaps between different eating disorders, like attitudes to image, shape, weight and appearance, anorexia has important differences. \u003cbr/\u003eIt was described clearly in the 19th century whereas other types of disorder like bulimia are more modern, western, culture bound  phenomenon linked to anxiety.\u003cbr/\u003eIn Schmidt's experience, culture can be a fertile breeding ground for women in particular to develop neuroses over body image. \u003cbr/\u003eSchmidt believes bulimic patients may have triggers like a trauma, or depression.\u003cbr/\u003eThey lose weight to feel good about themselves, but then they experience biologically driven urges to overeat and get locked into a vicious cycle of binging and purging.\u003cbr/\u003eEating disorders usually start around puberty when there is a substantial increase in fat tissue \u003cbr/\u003eAccording to Schmidt anorexia is extremely difficult to treat with psychotherapy.\u003cbr/\u003eShe says early treatment is vital because the behaviour becomes more entrenched which is why suicide rates among anorexics are high.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Sufferers are totally consumed by thoughts of food, fear of food, avoiding food and it stops them from sleeping, it preoccupies all their waking hours and they constantly try to resist it because they're so terrified of it. They, typically after a period of time, have lots of physical disabilities, the bones crumble, osteoporosis develops, people have problems with all their internal organs, obviously when you have anorexia nervosa you stop menstruating you can't have children if you are acutely underweight.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe Institute is excited, but extremely cautious about these study results.\u003cbr/\u003eAny systematic treatment is a long way off, but Van den Eynde says it's an important proof of concept.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says \"we found that one session of Trans Cranial Magnetic Stimulation as we deliver it may reduce craving in people with bulimia nervosa, food cravings. In people with anorexia nervosa we found that this increases their sense of fullness and fatness when they're exposed to foods and also it reduces their anxiety.\"\u003cbr/\u003eDamezer is extremely supportive of the work being done at the Institute.\u003cbr/\u003eShe is now studying for a masters degree in child psychotherapy and working as a teaching assistant.\u003cbr/\u003eApart from a short time at university when she noticed herself falling into old behaviour patterns, Damezer has stayed in good health, but not a day goes by when she doesn't think about it.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Every single day I think about the food that's going into my body and the effect it's going to have on how I look and it doesn't stop me eating things like a piece of cake, or a cookie, but it just means when I do I am very, very aware of you know, the fact that it's inside me and that I'm not ill anymore.\"\u003cbr/\u003eDamezer can now look forward with optimism, and with more in common with the laughing girl seen in her childhood family photos.\u003cbr/\u003eLondon, UK, October 7, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e1. Mid tilt down of psychiatrist to close of students twitching fingers during Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) \u003cbr/\u003e2. Mid of rTMS session\u003cbr/\u003e3. Close of magnetic coil placed on student's head \u003cbr/\u003e4. Close of student \u003cbr/\u003e5. Close top shot of student's hands with twitching fingers \u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE: (English), Frederique Van den Eynde, consultant psychiatrist, post doctoral researcher, Institute of Psychiatry \u003cbr/\u003e\"What we're doing with that (rTMS) is stimulating brain areas that we know are less activated in people with an eating disorder.\"\u003cbr/\u003e7. Close zoom in on magnetic coil \u003cbr/\u003e8. Close of Van den Eynde \u003cbr/\u003e9. Close of fingers twitching \u003cbr/\u003e10. Close of student\u003cbr/\u003e11. Close top shot of student \u003cbr/\u003e12. Wide of former anorexia nervosa patient Kat Damazer setting food on table \u003cbr/\u003e13. Close of Damazer doing crossword, zoom out to show meal\u003cbr/\u003e14. Close of food \u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE: (English), Katharine Damazer, former anorexia nervosa patient\u003cbr/\u003e\"I liked the fact that I knew that I was kind of destroying my body. I used to feel faint all the time and every morning wake up and black out for a while every time I got out of bed, and I used to be freezing, constantly freezing and shivering and having funny heart palpitations and having this constant feeling like your stomach was eating itself. You're just so hungry and it kind of becomes enjoyable and satisfying because you know you're doing a really good job at having an eating disorder.\"\u003cbr/\u003e16. Various of Damazer eating and doing the crossword puzzle\u003cbr/\u003e17. SOUNDBITE: (English), Katharine Damazer, former anorexia nervosa patient\u003cbr/\u003e\"I remember first seeing her and kind of being taken aback by her, but then just being jealous knowing that I wasn't as thin as her, at the same time knowing that it didn't look good, but still being jealous and I had this moment with me where there was one moment when I saw my spine in the mirror and thought, I was quite scared because I could see all the bones protruding  and it was the only point when I thought, oh it doesn't look too good. Apart from that I knew I wasn't attractive to other people, but it was unacceptable for me to look any other way really.\"\u003cbr/\u003e18. Various of Professor Ulrike Schmidt working in her office \u003cbr/\u003e19. Close of files containing data from the trials with eating disorder patients \u003cbr/\u003e20. SOUNDBITE: (English), Ulrike Schmidt Professor of eating disorders, Institute of Psychiatry  \u003cbr/\u003e\"Sufferers are totally consumed by thoughts of food, fear of food, avoiding food and it stops them from sleeping, it preoccupies all their waking hours and they constantly try to resist it because they're so terrified of it. They have, typically, after a period of time, have lots of physical disabilities, the bones crumble, osteoporosis develops, people have problems with all their internal organs, obviously when you have anorexia nervosa you stop menstruating you can't have children if you are acutely underweight.\"\u003cbr/\u003e21. Various close of brain scans with cursor showing affected areas\u003cbr/\u003e22. SOUNDBITE: (English), Frederique Van den Eynde, consultant psychiatrist, post doctoral researcher, Institute of Psychiatry \u003cbr/\u003e\"We found that one session of Trans Cranial Magnetic Stimulation as we deliver it may reduce craving in people with bulimia nervosa, food cravings. In people with anorexia nervosa we found that this increases their sense of fullness and fatness when they're exposed to foods and also it reduces their anxiety.\"\u003cbr/\u003e23. Close of Damazer doing crossword puzzle and eating \u003cbr/\u003e24. SOUNDBITE: (English), Katharine Damazer, former anorexia nervosa patient\u003cbr/\u003e\"Every single day I think about the food that's going into my body and the effect it's going to have on how I look and it doesn't stop me eating things like a piece of cake, or a cookie, but it just means when I do I am very, very aware of you know, the fact that it's inside me and that I'm not ill anymore.\"\u003cbr/\u003e25. Close tilt up on framed photograph of Damazer as a young girl playing with her brother \u003cbr/\u003e26. Close of Damazer as a young teenager \u003cbr/\u003eStimulating points of the brain can control binge eating, and a small study by scientists shows it may even be effective on people with anorexia nervosa.\u003cbr/\u003eAnorexia used to be called the slimmer's disease, but it's a psychiatric disorder that's extremely difficult to treat according to Britain's Institu\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource 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