{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Renewable energy from articifial leaves' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bcddd8eafeecae12fcad' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bcddd8eafeecae12fcad' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nRenewable energy from articifial leaves\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionTurin, Italy - May 9, 20111. Close of leaves2. Mid of leaves on trees3. Mid of sun through leavesPolitecnico of Turin, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Turin, Italy - May 9, 20114. Close of...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eTurin, Italy - May 9, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e1. Close of leaves\u003cbr/\u003e2. Mid of leaves on trees\u003cbr/\u003e3. Mid of sun through leaves\u003cbr/\u003ePolitecnico of Turin, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Turin, Italy - May 9, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close of light-powered electrochemical cell\u003cbr/\u003e5. Wide of researcher Simelys Hernandez monitoring a light powered electrochemical cell that mimics photosynthesis in plants\u003cbr/\u003e6. Mid of the light-powered electrochemical cell\u003cbr/\u003e\"Energethica\" Fair, Turin, Italy - April 7, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor James Barber, Ernst Chain Professor of Biochemistry at Imperial College, London - Visiting Professor to the Politecnico of Turin and Founder of the Biosolar Lab in Alessandria:\u003cbr/\u003e\"I have a motto about this project, and the motto is: 'if the leaf can do it, we can do it'. And we can even do it better.\"\u003cbr/\u003e8. Graphic diagram of the artificial leaf device (EU solhydromics project) - Courtesy Politecnico of Turin\u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor James Barber, founder of Biosolar Lab:\u003cbr/\u003e\"I think it is actually a necessity to try to develop an artificial photosynthetic system, we might call it an 'artificial leaf', which is robust and cheap to manufacture and can convert the energy of light, that is sunlight, into stored energy of chemical bonds - that is, compounds like hydrogen or methanol or ethanol. So that we can generate fuel for our technologies where the energy has been derived from the sun.\"\u003cbr/\u003e10. Close of the electrochemical cell with little bubbles of oxygen going up through the aqueous solution of potassium sulphate \u003cbr/\u003e11. Pan left from the light to the electrochemical cell\u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Simelys Hernandez,  ITT (Italian Institute of Technology) postdoctoral researcher: \u003cbr/\u003e\"We are seeing what happens during photosynthesis in plants. Here we have a material that mimics the enzyme of photosynthesis when there is sunlight. It splits water into oxygen and protons H+ which are recombined in another electrode to produce hydrogen. In fact you can see on the surface of the electrode, which is our material, oxygen bubbles are developing.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBiosolar Lab, Politecnico of Turin, Alessandria, Italy - May 2, 2011 \u003cbr/\u003e13. Various of exterior of Alessandria branch of the Politecnico of Turin. \u003cbr/\u003e14. Pan right to the Biosolar Lab sign\u003cbr/\u003e15. Various of researcher opening a fridge with pea and tobacco plants inside\u003cbr/\u003e+++ DARK SHOTS with GREEN LIGHT - Biosolar Lab darkrooms +++\u003cbr/\u003e16. Mid of a green light in Biosolar Lab darkroom\u003cbr/\u003e17. Various of a researcher in darkroom of BioSolar Lab drawing out a \"sucrose gradient\" from a centrifuge\u003cbr/\u003e18. Various of researcher leaving darkroom and carrying the sucrose gradient into another lab\u003cbr/\u003e19. Close of test tube of the sucrose gradient being removed: each green band is an enzyme. Researchers are going to isolate one of these: the PHOTOSYSTEM II (PSII), responsible for the photosynthesis process\u003cbr/\u003e20. Close of the injection of the isolated PHOTOSYSTEM II enzyme into another test tube\u003cbr/\u003e21. Tilt down from a green light to a box with PHOTOSYSTEM II test tubes \u003cbr/\u003e22. Close of the injection of the isolated PHOTOSYSTEM II enzyme in another test tube. Researchers are going to study the absorption values of chlorophyll\u003cbr/\u003e23. Mid of the researcher putting the tube inside a SPECTROPHOTOMETER to know the absorption level of chlorophyll \u003cbr/\u003e24. Close of screen showing graph of the absorption spectrum of PSII core\u003cbr/\u003e25. Various of researcher preparing a SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), a technique used to separate the proteins of PSII, to identify the composition of the enzyme \u003cbr/\u003e26. Various of the SDS-PAGE machine\u003cbr/\u003e27. Close of the ELETTROPHORETIC gel that shows profiles of protein composition of PSII and thylakoids membranes\u003cbr/\u003e28. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Cristina Pagliano, Researcher, Biosolar Lab of Alessandria:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Our research at Biosolar Lab in Alessandria  is about an enzyme, the Photosystem II in its natural form. This enzyme is in the leaves of the plants. We extract it and try to purify it to obtain a crystalline form of the enzyme, so that we can analyze it by X-ray crystallography.\"\u003cbr/\u003e+++DARK SHOTS with GREEN LIGHT - Biosolar Lab darkrooms +++\u003cbr/\u003e29. Close of PSII samples under an X-ray microscope\u003cbr/\u003e30. Various of Cristina Pagliano using the X-ray microscope at the crystalline form of the enzyme PSII\u003cbr/\u003e31. Graphic representation of the natural enzyme PSII\u003cbr/\u003ePolitecnico of Turin, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Turin, Italy - May 9, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e32. Pan left to right of the Politecnico of Turin\u003cbr/\u003e33. Mid of artificial leaf prototype \u003cbr/\u003e34. Tilt up the hydrogen wire conductor, UPSOUND (Italian) Simelys Hernandez,  ITT (Italian Institute of Technology):  \"The hydrogen is produced in this section and then it goes up into the gas chromatograph to be analyzed.\"\u003cbr/\u003e35. Close of artificial leaf prototype\u003cbr/\u003e36. Mid researcher looking at screen showing the gas chromatography spectrum\u003cbr/\u003e37. Close of the gas chromatography spectrum showing hydrogen values\u003cbr/\u003e38. Close of the electrochemical cell drawn out of the artificial leaf prototype \u003cbr/\u003e39. Close of the light to power the electrochemical cell \u003cbr/\u003e40. Close of the electrochemical cell \u003cbr/\u003e41. Mid of the light powered electrochemical cell\u003cbr/\u003eItalian researchers are developing an artificial leaf to copy the way plants produce energy from sunlight.\u003cbr/\u003eIf they succeed, the device could deliver limitless green energy.\u003cbr/\u003eThis is the ultimate green energy.  Photosynthesis is nature's way of turning sunlight into fuel for growth.\u003cbr/\u003eSo if plants can produce hydrogen from the sun why not copy nature to produce green energy? \u003cbr/\u003eResearchers from the Politecnico of Turin are testing an artificial leaf device to produce hydrogen from solar radiation and water.\u003cbr/\u003eIn 2009 the Politecnico of Turin joined an ambitious EU project called Solhydromics.\u003cbr/\u003eThe aim is to design an \"artificial leaf\" that mimics photosynthesis, the process through which plants use sunlight to split water into its two core components, oxygen and hydrogen.  If successful it could produce unlimited clean renewable energy.\u003cbr/\u003e\"I have a motto about this project, and the motto is: 'if the leaf can do it, we can do it'. And we can even do it better,\" says Professor James Barber, founder of the Biosolar Lab where the experiments are carried out.\u003cbr/\u003e\"I think it is actually a necessity to try to develop an artificial photosynthetic system, we might call it an 'artificial leaf', which is robust and cheap to manufacture and can convert the energy of light, that is sunlight, into stored energy of chemical bonds - that is, compounds like hydrogen or methanol or ethanol. So that we can generate fuel for our technologies where the energy has been derived from the sun.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAll the elements are simple - but the science is just a bit more complicated.\u003cbr/\u003eSimelys Hernandez is testing a light-powered electrochemical cell made from a cobalt-based material. She explains how it works:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We are seeing what happens during photosynthesis in plants. Here we have a material that mimics the enzyme of photosynthesis when there is sunlight. It splits water into oxygen and protons H+ which are recombined in another electrode to produce hydrogen. In fact you can see on the surface of the electrode, which is our material, oxygen bubbles are developing.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe enzyme responsible for the photosynthesis is called Photosystem II. \u003cbr/\u003eIn 2004 Professor Barber, from Imperial College London, revealed its detailed structure for the first time, winning numerous science prizes. \u003cbr/\u003eAs Visiting Professor to the Politecnico, in 2009 he founded the Biosolar Lab in Alessandria, a 100 kilometres (62 miles) from Turin.\u003cbr/\u003eHere the researchers are using Barber's research to understand better how Photosystem II functions in plants. \u003cbr/\u003eBut nature's way is highly complex and difficult to mimic. \u003cbr/\u003eBiosolar Lab's Cristina Pagliano explains the basic principle of the process.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Our research at Biosolar Lab in Alessandria  is about an enzyme, the Photosystem II in its natural form. This enzyme is in the leaves of the plants. We extract it and try to purify it to obtain a crystalline form of the enzyme, so that we can analyze it by X-ray crystallography.\"\u003cbr/\u003eResearchers work mainly on tobacco and pea plants, that grow quickly and have good foliage.\u003cbr/\u003eThe green pigment in leaves comes from chlorophyll - the molecule that is critical to photosynthesis, channelling the sunlight into chemical energy.\u003cbr/\u003eOne of the biggest challenges facing the team is finding an efficient catalyst that doesn't need additional power input to split water into its component parts.  So far the catalyst remains elusive, but Professor Barber reckons that science will crack the problem within ten years.\u003cbr/\u003eBarber was recently elected President of the International Society of Photosynthesis Research. 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