{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='The future of African penguins is under threat' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c191d8eafeecae153263' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c191d8eafeecae153263' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nThe future of African penguins is under threat\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eCape Town - February 2008 1. Wide tourist photographing African Penguins2. Penguins on a rock3. Wide 'Boulders Beach'4. Penguin swims with people5. African Penguin6. Two penguins swimming7. Penguins and people at 'Boulders Beach'8....\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eCape Town - February 2008 \u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide tourist photographing African Penguins\u003cbr/\u003e2. Penguins on a rock\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide 'Boulders Beach'\u003cbr/\u003e4. Penguin swims with people\u003cbr/\u003e5. African Penguin\u003cbr/\u003e6. Two penguins swimming\u003cbr/\u003e7. Penguins and people at 'Boulders Beach'\u003cbr/\u003e8. Fishing vessel passes\u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: (English): Dr Rob Crawford, Avian Scientist, South African Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Sporadic oil spills which have killed numbers of penguins, and at some islands introduced predators which have been a problem. But at present the main threat to the African penguin is probably a shortage of food.\"\u003cbr/\u003e10. Fishing vessel passes opposite direction\u003cbr/\u003e11. Pan of SANCCOB (The Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds)\u003cbr/\u003e12. Penguins exit a pen\u003cbr/\u003e13. SOUNDBITE: (English): Alan Jardine, Executive Director, Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds:\u003cbr/\u003e\"There are four criteria. We admit birds that are injured, birds that are diseased, birds that are oiled, and birds that are orphaned.\"\u003cbr/\u003e14. Penguins being fed\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE: (English): Vanessa Strauss, Rehabilitation Manager, Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Birds still had chicks when they started to moult. The reason for this - we think it's because of a food shortage, that they couldn't raise their chicks in due time. So they started to moult, so they had no choice but to abandon their chicks. And because of the large numbers affected, it was decided between Cape Nature and SANCCOB and the scientific community to remove the birds from the islands, mostly from Dyer Island, and for rehabilitation.\"\u003cbr/\u003e16. Penguin selected for feeding\u003cbr/\u003e17. Selecting fish to feed penguin\u003cbr/\u003e18. Penguin being fed\u003cbr/\u003e19. Penguins swimming at SANCCOB\u003cbr/\u003e20. Penguin selected for waterproof check\u003cbr/\u003e21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Vanessa Strauss, Rehabilitation Manager, Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds:\u003cbr/\u003e\"So, we are evaluating their feathers to see if they are dry after the forced swim. So we look at the down - we lift up the feathers and look at the down (under layer of feathers) \"\u003cbr/\u003e22. Pan Vanessa to volunteers\u003cbr/\u003e23. Volunteer scrubs a pen\u003cbr/\u003e24. Weighing an African penguin\u003cbr/\u003e25. Blood taken from penguin\u003cbr/\u003e26. Close up blood removal\u003cbr/\u003e27. SOUNDBITE (English): Vanessa Strauss, Rehabilitation Manager, Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds:\u003cbr/\u003e\"So the blood that we take from the penguins we use to make a blood smear that we can look under the microscope.\"\u003cbr/\u003e28. Various of SANCCOB laboratory\u003cbr/\u003e29. Blood capillaries put into centrifuge\u003cbr/\u003e30. Closing up the centrifuge\u003cbr/\u003e31. SOUNDBITE: (English): Natasha Fleming, Medical Technologist:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Those that weigh well, those that have been tested well, that the blood results are well, and the blood smears are negative, they will be released, usually the next day.\" \u003cbr/\u003e32. Blood testing at SANCCOB\u003cbr/\u003e33. Wide 'Boulders Beach'\u003cbr/\u003e34. Penguins on Boulders Beach\u003cbr/\u003e35. Tourist photographs a penguin. \u003cbr/\u003eBoulders Beach near Capetown in South Africa is a popular haven for wildlife lovers.\u003cbr/\u003eIt's home to a 2000-strong penguin colony. \u003cbr/\u003eBut these much loved seabirds are in rapid decline. Across South Africa only 31,000 penguin pairs remain compared to some three million at the start of the last century.\u003cbr/\u003eThe African Penguin is found mostly on the islands along the South African and Namibian coastline - but also at a couple of mainland colonies, such as Boulders Beach near the city of Cape Town.\u003cbr/\u003eIn fact a colony of 2000 make their home here. \u003cbr/\u003eBut these slightly ungainly looking seabirds are in rapid decline, and are listed as 'vulnerable' on the World Conservation Union's Red List of threatened species.\u003cbr/\u003eNumbers of African Penguins have decreased from between two and three million in 1910 to 31,000 pairs today, according to the South African Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism.\u003cbr/\u003eHistorically penguins were hunted for their oil, their skins, their eggs, and for their nesting material, guano, which has been almost totally exploited by humans for use as fertiliser.\u003cbr/\u003eAvian Scientist Dr Rob Crawford says that contemporary threats to the African Penguin include oil pollution and competition from commercial fisheries. \u003cbr/\u003eThe Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds is a non-profit sea bird rehabilitation centre in Cape Town.\u003cbr/\u003eSANCCOB has saved the lives of 83,000 sea birds since they opened 39 years ago.\u003cbr/\u003eExecutive Director Alan Jardine explains that four criteria of sea birds are admitted including injured birds, birds that are diseased, birds covered in oil from pollution and orphaned chicks. \u003cbr/\u003eAs Rehabilitation Manager, Vanessa Strauss explains SANCCOB is currently hand-rearing a batch of more than 400 orphaned African Penguins.\u003cbr/\u003eAll these orphans would have died had they been left alone.\u003cbr/\u003eSANCCOB takes in around 2000 seabirds annually.  Their rehabilitation success rate is between 60 and 90%. \u003cbr/\u003eThese orphans are fed pilchards twice a day to fatten them up before being released.\u003cbr/\u003eFollowing short periods spent in water, the orphans are checked for waterproofing. \u003cbr/\u003eThis is vital before returning these African Penguins to the sea. \u003cbr/\u003eCrucial to SANCCOB's seabird rehabilitation work is the assistance the organisation receives from volunteers.\u003cbr/\u003eApproximately 150 volunteers work here each year, and much more during an emergency, such as the Treasure ship oil spill of 2000, when 12,000 volunteers helped in rescuing oiled African Penguins.\u003cbr/\u003eBefore being released the orphans need to have a healthy weight.\u003cbr/\u003eThey also undergo regular blood tests to check for parasites or infections.\u003cbr/\u003eAt SANCCOB's laboratory, the blood capillary tubes are spun down in a centrifuge.\u003cbr/\u003eThey are then examined under a microscope and checked for problems like anaemia or avian malaria.  \u003cbr/\u003eAs Medical Technologist Natasha Fleming explains, those with a healthy weight and good blood test results are usually released the following day.  \u003cbr/\u003eSANCCOB's work has played a significant role in giving the African Penguin a chance of survival.\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to a recent University of Cape Town modelling exercise, rehabilitation of oiled African Penguins has resulted in the current population being 19% larger than it would have been without rehabilitation efforts.\u003cbr/\u003eNonetheless the African penguin remains a threatened species. \u003cbr/\u003eIf their annual 2.7% rate of decrease continues there will be very few left within forty years, according to Dr Crawford.\u003cbr/\u003eSANCCOB hopes that as tourists marvel at these charismatic creatures in places like Boulders Beach they'll spare a thought for humanity's role in their road towards extinction, and lend more support  to efforts 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