{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Pakistan\u0026#39;s mangrove forests under threat from pollution' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c52cd8eafeecae16e3ae' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c52cd8eafeecae16e3ae' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nPakistan\u0026#39;s mangrove forests under threat from pollution\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eNear Rohri Village 20km from Karachi - August, 8th, 20091. Mid of boatmen starting the engine on wooden boat2. Close up of the engine fan3. Zoom in from wide of mangrove trees in the distance4. Wide of large mangrove trees5. Mid of...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eNear Rohri Village 20km from Karachi - August, 8th, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e1. Mid of boatmen starting the engine on wooden boat\u003cbr/\u003e2. Close up of the engine fan\u003cbr/\u003e3. Zoom in from wide of mangrove trees in the distance\u003cbr/\u003e4. Wide of large mangrove trees\u003cbr/\u003e5. Mid of trees\u003cbr/\u003e6. Long shot of trees from boat \u003cbr/\u003e7. Low shot of boat going through the water\u003cbr/\u003e8. Long shot of tree stumps and growth sprouting from under the water\u003cbr/\u003e9. Close up of the local International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) representative, Omer Judd\u003cbr/\u003e10. Over the shoulder mid shot of Judd\u003cbr/\u003e11. Set up of Omer Judd\u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE(Urdu) Omer Judd, IUCN Mangrove caretaker:\u003cbr/\u003e\"As you can see there are trees on both sides, but missing in the middle, this is because of the water pollution from chemicals thrown into the sea from factories and industries from Karachi.\"\u003cbr/\u003e13. Pan of area where mangrove trees have disappeared\u003cbr/\u003e14. Zoom in from wide of village where a slaughter house is also contributing to the marine pollution\u003cbr/\u003e15. Various shots of animal blood expelled into the sea from the slaughter house\u003cbr/\u003e16. Wide pan of oil pipeline, the construction of which caused several acres of mangrove forests to be cleared \u003cbr/\u003e17. Mid pan of oil pipeline\u003cbr/\u003e18. Mid of travelling under the pipeline\u003cbr/\u003e19. Long shot of oil tanker docked at the filling pump connected to the pipeline\u003cbr/\u003e20. Wide pan left of barren land which previously was a healthy mangrove forest\u003cbr/\u003e21. SOUNDBITE(Urdu) Omer Judd, IUCN Mangrove caretaker:\u003cbr/\u003e\"When the port authorities dug up the channel to construct the pipeline and jetties for the oil tankers, they threw the excavated mud on this bit of the mangrove forest . Because of this, these trees died and are now buried under the sand.\"\u003cbr/\u003e22. Various close ups of tree stumps sticking out of the sand\u003cbr/\u003e23. Zoom in from wide of travelling through dense mangrove forests\u003cbr/\u003eKarachi city - August, 9th, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e24. Wide pan left from dead mangrove trees to motorway\u003cbr/\u003e25. Pan of reclaimed land on the other side of the motorway\u003cbr/\u003e26. Low shot of traffic on the motorway\u003cbr/\u003e27. Pan of a open air drain blocked with garbage\u003cbr/\u003e28. Mid of garbage lying next to the drain\u003cbr/\u003e29. Pan left to right of more garbage lying by the roadside near the drain\u003cbr/\u003e30. Long shot of garbage collector\u003cbr/\u003e31. Various of garbage collector dumping the waste in the drain\u003cbr/\u003e32. Close up of waste\u003cbr/\u003eNear Rohri village, 20km from Karachi - August, 8th, 2009 \u003cbr/\u003e33. Various Omer Judd on boat\u003cbr/\u003e34. Various Mangroves\u003cbr/\u003e35. Travelling shots of new plants on barren land\u003cbr/\u003e36. Mid shot dense trees\u003cbr/\u003e37. Wide of dense trees\u003cbr/\u003ePakistan's mangrove forests are disappearing at a fast rate. \u003cbr/\u003eThey've shrunk from 600,000 hectares a hundred years ago to just 90,000 hectares at present.\u003cbr/\u003eIt seems pollution and rising sea temperatures are to blame.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Indus River - these banks were once lush with thousands of miles of rich mangrove plantations.\u003cbr/\u003eNow the forests are shrinking. \u003cbr/\u003eThis region has lost nearly half a million hectares in less than a hundred years, much of which has been blamed on the rise in sea water temperatures, on marine pollution, and expanding conurbation.\u003cbr/\u003eThe mangroves are bush like trees which grow in shallow waters often on small islands which regularly get inundated by tidal changes. \u003cbr/\u003ePakistan's mangroves are teeming with life, a haven for growth and reproduction of fish and shrimps.\u003cbr/\u003eSeveral species of fish are born and grow into adulthood in these waters before they venture out in to the open seas. \u003cbr/\u003eIt's been a good source of income for local fishermen and their community which lives along the country's southern coastline.\u003cbr/\u003eExperts suggest that just one hectare of mangrove forest, if properly managed, can produce an annual yield of 100kg of fish and 25kg of shrimp.\u003cbr/\u003eThe mangroves also act as a natural barrier to incoming natural disasters such as storms, cyclones and tsunamis.\u003cbr/\u003eDespite their importance to this region the mangrove forests are constantly under attack from untreated chemicals and industry bi-products which are dumped directly into the sea. \u003cbr/\u003eOmer Judd, from the International Union for Conservation of Nature, was keen to point out evidence showing a local slaughter house expelling blood and other waste from slaughtered animals into the sea.\u003cbr/\u003eJust a few hundred metres away is the visible impact of high levels of pollution in the form of barren land where once healthy mangrove trees stood. \u003cbr/\u003eAnother major impact on the mangrove forest was the construction of a jetty to host sea-based oil tankers, and a pipeline to take the oil back inland to the refineries. \u003cbr/\u003eThe pipeline is a few miles long and cuts right through the mangroves - which inevitably have to be cleared to make way for the structure. \u003cbr/\u003eAccording to locals, frequent oil spills, although minor, affect the local biodiversity as it takes days to clean up the oil.\u003cbr/\u003eAfter the construction of the jetty and the pipeline, all the mud excavated from the sea to deepen the channels was dumped on an island, which killed much of the mangrove plantation on it.\u003cbr/\u003eAnother reason for the decline in the mangrove population is human development. \u003cbr/\u003eAs the city of Karachi grew and spread, roads, houses and offices were built, even today the authorities reclaim huge swathes of land from the sea after clearing out the mangroves.\u003cbr/\u003eHuman development brings waste, waste that often gets dumped in drains and sewers which eventually end up in the sea, causing further marine pollution.\u003cbr/\u003eNow the IUCN has set up new mangrove nurseries near Karachi, along with mobilising local communities to take responsibility for conservation due to the significance of these forests to the communities' livelihood.\u003cbr/\u003eIn July this year, the IUCN alongside the forestry commission achieved a world record of planting more than 540,000 new trees in 24 hours. \u003cbr/\u003eInitiatives such as these, along with media exposure, have attracted urban public populations towards the plight of the mangrove forests. \u003cbr/\u003eWith the newly found success in spreading awareness the IUCN projects a positive outcome for the future of mangrove forests along Pakistan's coastline which is nearly 1100 km long.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Pakistani government claims to be 'alive' to the situation, in the recent past it has struck collaborative deals with NGOs such as the IUCN to better deal with the depleting mangrove forests.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"3.5 out of 5 stars\" 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