{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Scientists find genetic cause of multiple sclerosis' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54cb11d8eafeecae1a0fc2' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54cb11d8eafeecae1a0fc2' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nScientists find genetic cause of multiple sclerosis\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eLEAD IN: Scientists at the University of British Columbia say they've found a genetic mutation that causes a severe form of multiple sclerosis. The team claims it shows at least one form of multiple sclerosis is inherited and could they...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eLEAD IN: Scientists at the University of British Columbia say they've found a genetic mutation that causes a severe form of multiple sclerosis. The team claims it shows at least one form of multiple sclerosis is inherited and could they hope it will lead in the future, to earlier treatments.STORY-LINE:Multiple Sclerosis is  a disease that commonly strikes down adults at their prime.Living with multiple sclerosis is a daily struggle for nurse Ann Smith, who was diagnosed with MS eight years ago.She now experiences extreme fatigue. What started out as pins and needles in her hand soon became worse and her illness escalated. Smith says: \"I couldn't go upstairs, I'd leave things at the bottom of the stairs and just go up and down once a day. It affected my work because I was a nurse, and obviously still am, but it affected me being able to work properly, I was falling asleep at work, even driving, driving back from the MS clinic, I was prone to nodding off when I was driving which, that was so debilitating at the time.\"  Smith undertakes frequent visits to the Multiple Sclerosis clinic at University of British Columbia Hospital for monthly appointments.Her doctors are among a team which believes their discovery of an MS gene mutation signposts a biological pathway that leads to the rapidly progressive form of the disease.Fifteen per cent of MS patients have this and it can result in severe disability.Smith is aware that her condition, the relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis could develop into the more serious, progressive form in the future. For now, her symptoms are unpredictable, suddenly flaring up for weeks, or months at a time. The disease has periods of inactivity when Ann recovers, but it has always returned. Today her condition is in remission, which means her symptoms have cleared up. Smith says: \"I think the worst thing that I went through was losing my vision, because it was something I'd never experienced before and I never knew when that was going to come back. And the first specialist that I saw, said it would be at least six months which was devastating.\" The World Health Organisation says about two and a half million people are affected by the disease worldwide. Multiple sclerosis is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system.This scan shows characteristic MS damage in the brain. Although the causes of MS are not completely understood, researchers believe it's an autoimmune disease, where the body's immune system turns on itself and is actually causing the damage. The aim of doctors here is to search for therapies that act upon the gene itself or counteract the mutation's disease-causing effects.Neurologist Dr Anthony Traboulsee co-authored the new research. He explains how the disease often progresses.Traboulsee says:\"The symptoms of multiple sclerosis really come in two forms, the intermittent symptoms which affect vision and balance, bladder function and mobility, and those will come on suddenly and last for weeks or months or years and people will partially remit or recover from that. The other ways symptoms can come on is progressively, where they creep in and they get worse over time, we call that progressive multiple sclerosis. Those symptoms are harder to treat and harder to prevent. If we had a diagnostic test that could predict who's going to develop progressive MS, there's a good chance we could prevent that from occurring.\" According to doctors here there is a debate about whether genetic factors and certain environmental factors may make certain individuals more susceptible to the disease. But many have not accepted that is can be conclusively hereditary.Researchers extracted blood and DNA from this collection of 13,000 Canadian MS patients and their relatives over twenty years.Dr Dessa Sadovnick was responsible for creating the biobank, one of the largest collections of MS blood samples worldwide.It's been her quest to prove that genetics play a role in the disease. Sandovnick says: \"I think that a lot of people out there who think that it's more environment. And I feel a sort of vindication in a sense that I've always thought genes do have an important role. And in this particular case at least we have found the first evidence that this is in fact true.\" The new findings are published in the scientific journal Neuron (1 June 2016 - 16.00 GMT), Doctors here hope it will encourage immediate screening for the mutation in high-risk individuals and provide a diagnosis before outward symptoms appear. Most MS sufferers can be treated with a range of medications that suppress the immune system, but doctors often have to try several to find which one works best for a patient.Dr. Carles Vilarino-Guell discovered the gene mutation by analysing the collections of blood samples with gene sequencing technology. The DNA samples were taken from patients where four or more family members had MS. The entire coding genome of these patients were then analysed and a rare mutation found in two families in Canada. According to Vilarino-Guell: \"The likelihood of developing multiple sclerosis if you have these mutations is at least sixty to seventy percent which is unprecedented, compared to the previous genetic factors of Multiple sclerosis, so it's quite high risk and therefore it's probably quite important to start taking measures to mitigate the onset of the disease as much as possible.\" There's a lot of things people can do, for example stop smoking since smoking's a risk factor for multiple sclerosis, increase doses of vitamin D, and maybe down the road when we have specific treatments for people with this mutation, we may be able to have preventative medicines. This wont help all MS patients though, only one person in every thousand appears to have this mutation.Multiple sclerosis afflicts Canadians at a rate that far outpaces any other place in the world, according to the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada.Nearly 100,000 Canadians have the disease, a rate that's nine times higher than the global average, according to a survey by the Multiple Sclerosis International Federation.For most MS sufferers a fear of the future, and the unknown is something they all share. Smith's concern is for her family.She says: \"So if a test was available, for sure, all my children would have it, no question. They'd want to know so that they could sort of plan their life and what's going to happen to them.\"LEAD IN: Scientists at the University of British Columbia say they've found a genetic mutation that causes a severe form of multiple sclerosis. The team claims it shows at least one form of multiple sclerosis is inherited and could they hope it will lead in the future, to earlier treatments.STORY-LINE:Multiple Sclerosis is  a disease that commonly strikes down adults at their prime.Living with multiple sclerosis is a daily struggle for nurse Ann Smith, who was diagnosed with MS eight years ago.She now experiences extreme fatigue. What started out as pins and needles in her hand soon became worse and her illness escalated. Smith says: \"I couldn't go upstairs, I'd leave things at the bottom of the stairs and just go up and down once a day. It affected my work because I was a nurse, and obviously still am, but it affected me being able to work properly, I was falling asleep at work, even driving, driving back from the MS clinic, I was prone to nodding off when I was driving which, that was so debilitating at the time.\"  Smith undertakes frequent visits to the Multiple Sclerosis clinic at University of British Columbia Hospital for monthly appointments.Her doctors are among a team which believes their discovery of an MS gene mutation signposts a biological pathway that leads to the rapidly progressive form of the disease.Fifteen per cent of MS patients have this and it can result in severe disability.Smith is aware that her condition, the relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis could develop into the more serious, progressive form in the future. For now, her symptoms are unpredictable, suddenly flaring up for weeks, or months at a time. The disease has periods of inactivity when Ann recovers, but it has always returned. Today her condition is in remission, which means her symptoms have cleared up. Smith says: \"I think the worst thing that I went through was losing my vision, because it was something I'd never experienced before and I never knew when that was going to come back. And the first specialist that I saw, said it would be at least six months which was devastating.\" The World Health Organisation says about two and a half million people are affected by the disease worldwide. Multiple sclerosis is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system.This scan shows characteristic MS damage in the brain. Although the causes of MS are not completely understood, researchers believe it's an autoimmune disease, where the body's immune system turns on itself and is actually causing the damage. The aim of doctors here is to search for therapies that act upon the gene itself or counteract the mutation's disease-causing effects.Neurologist Dr Anthony Traboulsee co-authored the new research. He explains how the disease often progresses.Traboulsee says:\"The symptoms of multiple sclerosis really come in two forms, the intermittent symptoms which affect vision and balance, bladder function and mobility, and those will come on suddenly and last for weeks or months or years and people will partially remit or recover from that. The other ways symptoms can come on is progressively, where they creep in and they get worse over time, we call that progressive multiple sclerosis. Those symptoms are harder to treat and harder to prevent. If we had a diagnostic test that could predict who's going to develop progressive MS, there's a good chance we could prevent that from occurring.\" According to doctors here there is a debate about whether genetic factors and certain environmental factors may make certain individuals more susceptible to the disease. But many have not accepted that is can be conclusively hereditary.Researchers extracted blood and DNA from this collection of 13,000 Canadian MS patients and their relatives over twenty years.Dr Dessa Sadovnick was responsible for creating the biobank, one of the largest collections of MS blood samples worldwide.It's been her quest to prove that genetics play a role in the disease. Sandovnick says: \"I think that a lot of people out there who think that it's more environment. And I feel a sort of vindication in a sense that I've always thought genes do have an important role. And in this particular case at least we have found the first evidence that this is in fact true.\" The new findings are published in the scientific journal Neuron (1 June 2016 - 16.00 GMT), Doctors here hope it will encourage immediate screening for the mutation in high-risk individuals and provide a diagnosis before outward symptoms appear. Most MS sufferers can be treated with a range of medications that suppress the immune system, but doctors often have to try several to find which one works best for a patient.Dr. Carles Vilarino-Guell discovered the gene mutation by analysing the collections of blood samples with gene sequencing technology. The DNA samples were taken from patients where four or more family members had MS. The entire coding genome of these patients were then analysed and a rare mutation found in two families in Canada. According to Vilarino-Guell: \"The likelihood of developing multiple sclerosis if you have these mutations is at least sixty to seventy percent which is unprecedented, compared to the previous genetic factors of Multiple sclerosis, so it's quite high risk and therefore it's probably quite important to start taking measures to mitigate the onset of the disease as much as possible.\" There's a lot of things people can do, for example stop smoking since smoking's a risk factor for multiple sclerosis, increase doses of vitamin D, and maybe down the road when we have specific treatments for people with this mutation, we may be able to have preventative medicines. This wont help all MS patients though, only one person in every thousand appears to have this mutation.Multiple sclerosis afflicts Canadians at a rate that far outpaces any other place in the world, according to the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada.Nearly 100,000 Canadians have the disease, a rate that's nine times higher than the global average, according to a survey by the Multiple Sclerosis International Federation.For most MS sufferers a fear of the future, and the unknown is something they all share. Smith's concern is for her family.She says: \"So if a test was available, for sure, all my children would have it, no question. They'd want to know so that they could sort of plan their life and what's going to happen to them.\"Vancouver, Canada - 30 May 2016.1. Wide shot of hospital entrance as MS patient Anne Smith arrives 2. Mid shot of MS patient Ann Smith checking in at clinic reception3. Close up shot of MS clinic sign4. Wide shot of MS patient Ann Smith entering Doctor's office5. Mid shot of MS patient Ann Smith sitting down.6. Close-up head and shoulders shot of MS Patient Ann Smith's nodding7. Wide shot of Dr Traboulsee showing a model brain to Ann Smith8. Close up shot of brain model9. Extreme Close up shot of brain model10. Wide shot of Dr Traboulsee testing Ann's Smith's reflexes11.  Mid shot of Ann Smith touching nose in reflex test12. Close up shot of hand co-ordination test13. SOUNDBITE: Ann Smith, multiple sclerosis patient \"I couldn't go upstairs, I'd leave things at the bottom of the stairs and just go up and down once a day. It affected my work because I was a nurse, and obviously still am, but it affected me being able to work properly, I was falling asleep at work, even driving, driving back from the MS clinic, I was prone to nodding off when I was driving which, that was so debilitating at the time.\"  14. Mid shot of Dr Traboulsee testing sensation in Ann Smith's hands.15. Close up shot of the vibratory sensation nerve test on Ann Smith's hand.16. SOUNDBITE: Ann Smith, multiple sclerosis patient.            \"I think the worst thing that I went through was losing my vision, because it was something I'd never experienced before and I never knew when that was going to come back. And the first specialist that I saw, said it would be at least six months which was devastating.\" 17. Wide shot of Dr Traboulsee showing Ann Smith her brain scan. 18. Close up shot of Ann's brain scan and Dr Traboulsee pointing out key areas.19. Close up shot of Ann Smith nodding in response.20. Close up shot of a different brain scan showing the corpus callosum in Ann Smith's brain. 21. SOUNDBITE: Dr. Anthony Traboulsee, Associate Professor of Neurology, University of British Columbia.\"The symptoms of multiple sclerosis really come in two forms, the intermittent symptoms which affect vision and balance, bladder function and mobility, and those will come on suddenly and last for weeks or months or years and people will partially remit or recover from that. The other ways symptoms can come on is progressively, where they creep in and they get worse over time, we call that progressive multiple sclerosis. Those symptoms are harder to treat and harder to prevent. If we had a diagnostic test that could predict who's going to develop progressive MS, there's a good chance we could prevent that from occurring.\" 22. Mid shot of lab technician filling graduated cylinder with TBE buffer.23. Close up shot of lab technician pouring TBE buffer into flask and then weighing Agarose powder.24. Wide shot of lab technician opening bio bank storage freezer. 25. Close up shot of DNA samples being removed from freezer and one container removed. 26. Close up shot of handle pulled down to seal freezer door.27. Wide shot of lab technician opening a container to reveal blood samples.28. Close up shot of DNA blood samples being removed from container. 29. Mid shot of Dr Dessa Sadovnick working on computer. 30. Wide shot of Dr Dessa Sadovnick working on computer.31. Close up shot of Dr Sadovnick's hand on keyboard.32. SOUNDBITE: Dr Dessa Sadovnick, Professor of Medical Genetics and Neurology, UBC and Co-author. \"I think that a lot of people out there who think that it's more environment. And I feel a sort of vindication in a sense that I've always thought genes do have an important role. And in this particular case at least we have found the first evidence that this is in fact true.\" 33. Mid shot of lab technician opening proton chip unit and removing chip from ION proton system sequencer.34. Close up shot of new chip being loaded into ION proton system sequencer.35. Wide shot of lab technician removing re-agent tubes for proton machine. 36. Close up shot of re-agent tubes being inserted into proton machine.37. Wide shot of Dr Carles Vilarino-Guell looking at data of individual's involved in the study. 38. Mid shot of the database of clinical information of MS patients. 39. Close up shot of hand clicking on computer mouse.40. Close of screen with information of genetic variants identified in patients.41. SOUNDBITE: Dr. Carles Vilarino-Guell, Assistant professor of medical genetics, UBC and lead author. \"The likelihood of developing multiple sclerosis if you have these mutations is at least sixty to seventy percent which is unprecedented, compared to the previous genetic factors of Multiple sclerosis, so it's quite high risk and therefore it's probably quite important to start taking measures to mitigate the onset of the disease as much as possible.\" 42. Wide shot of lab technician assembling liquid solutions into pipette.43. Close up shot of lab technician loading prepared DNA sample into chip. 44. SOUNDBITE: Ann Smith, Multiple Sclerosis Patient.\"So if a test was available, for sure, all my children would have it, no question. They'd want to know so that they could sort of plan their life and what's going to happen to them.\"45. Mid shot of Dr Traboulsee conducting an ophthalmology test to check Ann Smith's vision.46. Wide shot of Dr Traboulsee conducting opt homology test to check Ann Smith's vision.47. 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