{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Polymer coating repels bacteria which cause hospital infections' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d7c5d8eafeecae20e9ad' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d7c5d8eafeecae20e9ad' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nPolymer coating repels bacteria which cause hospital infections\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eLEADIN:               A clinical study is underway to confirm whether a special bug resistant coating for medical devices can prevent hospital patients getting serious infections.              Scientist say the polymer coating naturally...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eLEADIN: \u003cbr/\u003e              A clinical study is underway to confirm whether a special bug resistant coating for medical devices can prevent hospital patients getting serious infections.\u003cbr/\u003e              Scientist say the polymer coating naturally repels bacteria, preventing it from establishing breeding grounds inside the body. \u003cbr/\u003e              STORYLINE: \u003cbr/\u003e              Bugs and germs are extremely common, but these micro organisms called bacteria can pose a serious risk to patients, they're a source of hospital acquired infections.\u003cbr/\u003e              Bacteria prefer to live on surfaces, rather than as suspended cells. They'll colonise almost anything - even this catheter inside a flask. \u003cbr/\u003e              This is a nightmare for surgeons who need to insert devices into patients.\u003cbr/\u003e              Scientists at this laboratory at Nottingham University have thrown down the gauntlet to the microscopic organisms, trying to find a way to prevent them spreading and causing infection via hospital equipment.\u003cbr/\u003e              The team is led by Paul Williams the Professor of molecular microbiology here in Nottingham.\u003cbr/\u003e              He explains: \"Bacteria are capable of sensory behaviour, so they can make decisions about whether they want to go and live somewhere or not. And so this is really all about bacteria making choices about which kind of surface they think is good to live on, or not look good to live on.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              The team set up a high throughput screening process to find a polymer which could repel bacteria as well as being safe for medical devices inserted inside the patient's body.\u003cbr/\u003e              So far they've concentrated on catheters because they are used so frequently and are associated with urinary tract infections.\u003cbr/\u003e              The scientists chose vast numbers of polymers and screened them with different micro-organisms, to find out which ones bacteria didn't like.\u003cbr/\u003e              The team then selected the groups of chemical polymers which were most successful at repelling the bacteria and tweaked their structures to make them even more effective.\u003cbr/\u003e              They set themselves time targets, initially three days, then seven and so on \u003cbr/\u003e              Once they found the most successful polymers they refined the experiments and found out about how the bacteria colonised the surface. \u003cbr/\u003e              \"We basically incubate the bacteria with a slide with thousands of different polymer spots on them, and look to see which ones they don't like. So some they love, some they like a little bit, and some they clearly seem to avoid,\" says Williams.\u003cbr/\u003e              This slide shows how bacteria spread on a surface they like, how they stretch and become elongated as they colonise more surface area.\u003cbr/\u003e              Williams describes this activity as a swarm:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"They stick to the surface, they grow a little bit and they become reversibly attached, think about whether they like it there or not. And then over time start to think yes, this is a good place I'll squirt out some glue and we become stuck just like Araldite (extra strong glue) to the surface, and then we bloom just just like a sort of a flowery growth all over the surface and then what they start to do is just like tumours do they start to differentiate into a thick slimy structure which is almost impossible to eradicate,\" says Williams.\u003cbr/\u003e              This is what happens when the bacteria targeted by William's team are put on the polymer treated surface. \u003cbr/\u003e              The swarm doesn't happen. Rather than getting concentrated and spreading, the bacteria stay the same with some organisms on the edge being splintered away from the rest of the colony.\u003cbr/\u003e              Morgan Alexander is Nottingham's professor of biomedical surfaces at the School of Pharmacy.\u003cbr/\u003e              He says the trial will be for catheters, but other medical devices are also being considered.\u003cbr/\u003e              \"We found a polymer that was particularly well suited to the environment where a urinary catheter would find itself when implanted when in a human, and that polymer is optimal for that environment. We've looked at other environments such as that for a breathing tube or an endotracheal tube where we believe a slightly different formulation of the polymer would be optimal, would perform the best.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              Just how quickly bacteria spread is clear when a researcher in the laboratory shows two catheters together. \u003cbr/\u003e              Both devices have been exposed to incubating bacteria, but a close look shows that the top tube is clear, while the tube on the bottom is covered.\u003cbr/\u003e              Bacterial infections often mean a longer stay in hospital, resulting in higher treatment costs and poorer patient health.\u003cbr/\u003e              It can also require using antibiotics which doctors are keen to avoid because overuse is contributing to drug resistance.\u003cbr/\u003e              The European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) has warned of an \"antibiotic armageddon\" while the World Health Organisation has made global surveillance for drug resistant bugs a priority.\u003cbr/\u003e              At Nottingham, a preliminary study is underway to use the coated catheter in about fifty cases.\u003cbr/\u003e              The trial in Nottingham is being supervised by clinical associate professor of surgery David Humes.\u003cbr/\u003e              He sees the impact of hospital infections constantly:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"Increase in hospital stay, an increased risk of death, and then long term disability related to these infections. From a healthcare perspective there's an increase in length of stay from around eight to fifteen days and that incurs an increase in costs associated, so for the NHS, annually it's around a billion pounds worth of extra money,\" says Humes.  \u003cbr/\u003e              The problem of hospital infections is a global one and the scientists at Nottingham are already producing the catheters on a small scale with Camstent, a company which is investing in the development of the polymer.\u003cbr/\u003e              The company says there's growing interest in devices which are resistant to bacteria.\u003cbr/\u003e              Humes believes: \"By using interventions that don't rely on antibiotics to prevent these types of infections we'll have a huge impact on antibiotic stewardship and anti-microbial resistance in the longer term. So these types of interventions where we're essentially preventing an infection from developing are actually key to controlling antibiotic resistance in the longer term.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              According to this team of scientists, hospital acquired infections affect five per cent of all patients admitted to hospital around the world. \u003cbr/\u003e              In the UK that accounts for 300,000 infections each year, in America 1.7 million patients get hospital infections.\u003cbr/\u003e              The most common causes are related to urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, pneumonias and blood borne infections. \u003cbr/\u003e              Catheter associated infections are responsible for between 30 and 40 percent of these infections. \u003cbr/\u003e              However, the polymer being used for the catheters won't be effective against all bacterial infections.\u003cbr/\u003e              There are thousands of bacteria, but the team at Nottingham narrowed them down to four different species which are very common in urinary tract infection.  \u003cbr/\u003e              According to Williams: \"There are probably about six to eight species of bacteria that are commonly found in association with catheters and a few different organisms for example Candida is another organism which is a fungus that also pops up in it so. So it's a very limited group of organisms so we chose the ones that are the main problem.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              The results of the trial will take months to process, but the team is hopeful they've come up with a simple way to stop a simple, but very successful organism.\u003cbr/\u003e            \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e              Nottingham, UK - 18 May 2018\u003cbr/\u003e              1. Various of machine with flask containing catheter in a solution  \u003cbr/\u003e              2. View from inside an incubator window of researcher opening the door and reaching in to take out a Petri dish with growing bacteria\u003cbr/\u003e              3. Mid of researcher looking at bacteria \u003cbr/\u003e              4. View from inside an incubator window of researcher replacing dish inside \u003cbr/\u003e              5. Wide of researcher closing door and walking to machine and removing flask\u003cbr/\u003e              6. Close of researcher holding and looking at flask\u003cbr/\u003e              7. Various close of bacteria growing on catheter in flask\u003cbr/\u003e              8. SOUNDBITE: (English) Paul Williams Professor of molecular microbiology University of Nottingham \u003cbr/\u003e              \"Bacteria are capable of sensory behaviour, so they can make decisions about whether they want to go and live somewhere or not. And so this is really all about bacteria making choices about which kind of surface they think is good to live on, or not look good to live on.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              9. Close of slides being held in tweezers \u003cbr/\u003e              10. Various of researcher putting slide into microscope\u003cbr/\u003e              11. Close of lid of microscope being closed \u003cbr/\u003e              12. Wide of researcher \u003cbr/\u003e              13. Close of computer monitor showing magnified bacteria moving around slide\u003cbr/\u003e              14. Pull focus from researcher to computer monitor showing bacteria\u003cbr/\u003e              15. Mid of researcher looking at slides\u003cbr/\u003e              16. SOUNDBITE: (English) Paul Williams Professor of molecular microbiology University of Nottingham \u003cbr/\u003e              \"We basically incubate the bacteria with a slide with thousands of different polymer spots on them, and look to see which ones they don't like. So some they love, some they like a little bit, and some they clearly seem to avoid.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              17. Various close of video on computer showing bacteria 'swarming' getting elongated as they spread and colonise the surface \u003cbr/\u003e              18. SOUNDBITE: (English) Paul Williams Professor of molecular microbiology University of Nottingham \u003cbr/\u003e              \"They stick to the surface, they grow a little bit and they become reversibly attached, think about whether they like it there or not. And then over time start to think yes, this is a good place I'll squirt out some glue and we become stuck just like Araldite (extra strong glue) to the surface, and then we bloom just just like a sort of a flowery growth all over the surface and then what they start to do is just like tumours do they start to differentiate into a thick slimy structure which is almost impossible to eradicate.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              19. Various close of video on computer showing how bacteria cannot swarm and spread over polymer treated surface with a couple of organisms getting separated\u003cbr/\u003e              20. SOUNDBITE: (English) Morgan Alexander, professor of biomedical surfaces, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham\u003cbr/\u003e              \"We found a polymer that was particularly well suited to the environment where a urinary catheter would find itself when implanted when in a human, and that polymer is optimal for that environment. We've looked at other environments such as that for a breathing tube or an endotracheal tube where we believe a slightly different formulation of the polymer would be optimal, would perform the best.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              21. Close of label on catheter wrapping for devices coated with special polymer\u003cbr/\u003e              22. Various of researcher removing catheter from wrapping \u003cbr/\u003e              23. Close of catheter \u003cbr/\u003e              24. Mid of researcher from across the work bench comparing polymer coated catheter with a normal one \u003cbr/\u003e              25. Close of the two catheters laying side by side after testing, the top polymer coated one is clear, the bottom normal one is covered in bacteria \u003cbr/\u003e              26. Close pan along polymer coated catheter \u003cbr/\u003e              27. Close pan along catheter covered in bacteria\u003cbr/\u003e              28. Tilt up from bacteria covered catheter to clean polymer coated one \u003cbr/\u003e              29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Paul Williams Professor of molecular microbiology University of Nottingham \u003cbr/\u003e              \"If you think of that slimy structure stuck on a catheter in a body your immune system can't get rid of it and antibiotics don't kill it. And so that's what you want to stop.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              30. Various of researchers working in laboratory\u003cbr/\u003e              31. SOUNDBITE: (English) David Humes, Clinical Associate Professor in Surgery, University of Nottingham\u003cbr/\u003e              \"Increase in hospital stay, an increased risk of death, and then long term disability related to these infections. From a healthcare perspective there's an increase in length of stay from around eight to fifteen days and that incurs an increase in costs associated, so for the NHS, annually it's around a billion pounds worth of extra money. \u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK - 18 May 2018\u003cbr/\u003e              32. Close of catheter hanging in small laboratory which carries out the polymer coating process\u003cbr/\u003e              33. Scientist carrying out various stages of the polymer coating process \u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Nottingham, UK - 18 May 2018\u003cbr/\u003e              34. SOUNDBITE: (English) David Humes, Clinical Associate Professor in Surgery, University of Nottingham\u003cbr/\u003e              \"By using interventions that don't rely on antibiotics to prevent these types of infections we'll have a huge impact on antibiotic stewardship and anti-microbial resistance in the longer term. So these types of interventions where we're essentially preventing an infection from developing are actually key to controlling antibiotic resistance in the longer term.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK - 18 May 2018\u003cbr/\u003e              35. Various of the process used to make bug resistant polymer coated catheter \u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Nottingham, UK - 18 May 2018\u003cbr/\u003e              36. SOUNDBITE: (English) Paul Williams Professor of molecular microbiology University of Nottingham \u003cbr/\u003e              \"There are probably about six to eight species of bacteria that are commonly found in association with catheters and a few different organisms for example Candida is another organism which is a fungus that also pops up in it so. So it's a very limited group of organisms so we chose the ones that are the main problem.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              37. Staff in catheter laboratory hanging up polymer coated catheters to dry\u003cbr/\u003e              38. Close of catheters\u003cbr/\u003e              39. 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