{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Irish Words Can Mutate!' data-url='/boclips/videos/5d8121752a885c10d8840672' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5d8121752a885c10d8840672' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nIrish Words Can Mutate!\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30358328\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30358328\u0026amp;search_tab_id=2\"\u003eNativLang\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eBefore you pronounce Irish names or thumb through a dictionary, you should know that Irish words do something quite unusual. They can mutate their starting sounds. Subscribe for language Be my patron ~ CREDITS ~ Outro theme - Celtic by...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eBefore you pronounce Irish names or thumb through a dictionary, you should know that Irish words do something quite unusual. They can mutate their starting sounds. Subscribe for \u003ca href='https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=NativLang' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003elanguage\u003c/a\u003e Be my \u003ca href='https://www.patreon.com/user?u=584038' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003epatron\u003c/a\u003e ~ CREDITS ~ Outro theme - Celtic by Joshua LF \u003ca href='https://soundcloud.com/joshualfmitchell' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eMitchell\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href='https://twitter.com/jlfm97' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href='https://m.youtube.com/channel/UCwTYGa4jPUrZ-Ols4XXUjhQ' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003e\u003c/a\u003e Art, narration and animation by Josh from NativLang Doc full of sources for claims and credits for imgs, music and \u003ca href='https://docs.google.com/document/d/10E-LulQznrlPYXv41ky3Jy3he41fMLUonyLEf7Riw0c/' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003esfx\u003c/a\u003e ~ CORRECTIONS ~ \"i nGaeilge\" : \"as Gaeilge\" is the expected phrase here! Thank you to multiple commenters for pointing this out. ~ I GCUPLA FOCAL, BRIEFLY ~ I'm preparing a video that explores the entire history of Irish. As I stitch together my notes, I'm noticing I often just have time to name-drop terms like \"Proto-Celtic\" and \"Ogham\". Today let's spend time on one of the more unusual ones: \"initial mutations\". Archaic or \"Primitive Irish\" had neat Celtic syllables, but when Old Irish pops in just a couple centuries later, it's already full of worn-out endings and these strange mutations. Two types. First, lenition: a word's starting sound gets softer, like /p/ turning into /f/. Second, eclipse: the starting sound gets more voiced or nasalized. The textbook Sengoídelc adds a third type, aspiration: adding h before a vowel. What makes these devious is that they're triggered by grammar. We'll take a look at a few examples. I'll close out by thinking about how Irish's \"will mutate for grammar\" strategy likely developed. 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