{"page":"<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" />\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" />\n<div data-title='Two Vortex Rings Colliding in SLOW MOTION - Smarter Every Day 195' data-url='/boclips/videos/5d8cfe6b096ca853ce6caf20' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5d8cfe6b096ca853ce6caf20' id='bo_player_modal'>\n<div class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'>\n<div class='react-notifications-root'></div>\n<div class='rp-header'>\n<div class='rp-type'>\n<i aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'></i>\nVideo\n</div>\n<h1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'>\nTwo Vortex Rings Colliding in SLOW MOTION - Smarter Every Day 195\n</h1>\n<div class='rp-actions'>\n<div class='mr-1'>\n<a class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"><span><span>Get Free Access</span><span class=\"\"> for 10 Days</span><span>!</span></span></a>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class='rp-body'>\n<div class='rp-info'>\n<div aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'>&times;</div>\n<i aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'></i>\n<i aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'></i>\n<div class='rp-rating'>\n<span class='resource-pool'>\n<span class='pool-label'>Publisher:</span>\n<span class='pool-name'>\n<span class='text'><a data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\">Curated Video</a></span>\n</span>\n</span>\n</div>\n<div class='rp-description'>\n<span class='short-description'>This took 4 years to recreate. 12 Hour edit here Please subscribe if this video earned it Get a free audio book! ⇊ Click below for more links! ⇊ High Resolution images will be provided to the Patrons of Smarter Every Day at  If you’d...</span>\n<span class='full-description hide'>This took 4 years to recreate. 12 Hour edit <a href='https://youtu.be/Cm9l8-qngjM' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>here</a> Please subscribe if this video earned <a href='http://bit.ly/Subscribe2SED' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>it</a> Get a free audio <a href='http://www.audible.com/Smarter' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>book!</a> ⇊ Click below for more links! ⇊ High Resolution images will be provided to the Patrons of Smarter Every Day <a href='https://www.patreon.com/posts/high-quality-19568610' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>at</a> <a href='http://www.patreon.com/smartereveryday' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'></a> If you’d like to support big adventures like this, consider becomingbeing a Patron! I’ve been chasing this problem for over 4 years. The 12 hour edit chronicles the entire process after David Linderman and myself started working on it in <a href='https://youtu.be/Cm9l8-qngjM' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>earnest.</a> People don't tweet me their thoughts about videos enough. I'd love to hear from <a href='http://twitter.com/smartereveryday' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>you.</a> Smarter Every Day on <a href='https://www.facebook.com/SmarterEveryDay' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Facebook</a> Smarter Every Day on Patreon <a href='http://www.patreon.com/smartereveryday' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'></a> Smarter Every Day On <a href='http://www.instagram.com/smartereveryday' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Instagram</a> Smarter Every Day <a href='http://www.reddit.com/r/smartereveryday' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>SubReddit</a> Song “Rings in Rings in Rings” by Gordon McGladdery of A Shell In The Pit Listen to it on Spotify: (It <a href='https://open.spotify.com/track/5Itp2wFFmI6xtIAc54F1rM' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>helps</a> All A Shell in the Pit music available <a href='https://ashellinthepit.bandcamp.com/track/rings-in-rings-in-rings' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>at</a> <a href='http://ashellinthepit.bandcamp.com/' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'></a> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GET SMARTER SECTION A Vortex Ring is also called a Toroidal <a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex_ring' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Vortex</a> Original Research Paper by T. T. Lim & T. B. Nickels (Published in Nature <a href='http://202.118.74.190/~elizabeth/Docs/34_Instability_Head-on%20collision_of_large_VR.pdf' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>1992)</a> Governing Equations of Fluid <a href='http://www.eng.auburn.edu/~tplacek/courses/fluidsreview-1.pdf' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Mechanics</a> Numerical Analysis of this <a href='http://fluid.itcmp.pwr.wroc.pl/~znmp/Publikacje/JP_2014_Kudela_Kosior.pdf' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>phenomena</a> Interesting Research Papers on Vortex Ring <a href='https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3721/e67f5bf8e88a47e2241058c7e3cc064c5e8a.pdf' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Reconnection</a> Other Videos created by Dr. T T <a href='http://me.nus.edu.sg/dept/limtt/videogallery.html' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Lim</a> Flow Visualization, A Book by Dr. T T <a href='https://www.amazon.com/Flow-Visualization-Techniques-Examples-Second/dp/1848167911/ref=mt_hardcover?_encoding=UTF8&me=&qid=1529505335' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Lim</a> Why we typically don’t talk about angular momentum in <a href='https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/127712/why-dont-we-talk-about-angular-momentum-at-all-in-fluid-mechanics' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>fluids.</a> We used a computer controlled cylinder to pump fluid behind a rubber membrane to fire toroidal vortices out of the vortex cannons. We fixed one of the vortex cannon in a stationary position, and used a multi-axis microscope stage to align a second cannon to it… which sounds incredibly easy, until you realize that DYE density was an experiment all on its own. If the density of the dye mix was light than water, the vortex would go up. If the dye was more dense than water the vortex would fall. We had to overcome SO MANY VARIABLES to overcome and we basically spent about 4 hours figuring each variable. Water/dye temperature differential Water turbulence Water turbidity (cloudiness or haziness of a fluid) How to reset the aquarium Cannon Spacing Cannon Nozzle Cannon Shape Dye homogeneity in the vortex itself The piston displacement volume The piston stroke speed Rubber diaphragm tension, would make one side fire faster than the other. Water or air to drive diaphram? Firing speed (too slow and they drift, too fast and turbulence tears apart secondaries) We did a complete redesign of the cannon 3 different times. The Dye loading method was changed several times At times We tried to maintain negative pressure on the cannon chamber… we also tried to put shutters on the front of the muzzle. Ultimately I decided it was ok to live with dye dripping out of the front. We had to premix the dyes and eventually we got there. It got to the point where we didn’t even really know what success looked like and always thought we were there. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The thought is my efforts making videos will help educate the world as a whole, and one day generate enough revenue to pay for my kids college education. Until then if you appreciate what you've learned in this video and the effort that went in to it, please SHARE THE VIDEO! If you REALLY liked it, feel free to pitch a few dollars Smarter Every Day by becoming a Patron. <a href='http://www.patreon.com/smartereveryday' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'></a> Warm Regards, Destin #smartereveryday #vortex #fluiddynamics</span>\n</div>\n<div class='action-container flex justify-between'>\n<button aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'>\n<i class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'></i>\n<span id='read_more'>Read More</span>\n</button>\n<div class='rp-report'>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'>\n<h2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'>Resource Details</h2>\n<div class='rp-resource-details clearfix'>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Curator Rating</dt>\n<dd><span class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"4.0 out of 5 stars\" role=\"img\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></i><i class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></i><i class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></i><i class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></i><i class=\"fa-regular fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></i></span></dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"educator-rating-title\">Educator Rating</dt><dd><div class=\"educator-rating-details\" data-path=\"/educator_ratings/rrp_data?resourceable_id=54838&amp;resourceable_type=Boclips%3A%3AVideoMetadata\"><span class=\"not-yet-rated\">Not yet Rated</span></div></dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Grade</dt><dd title=\"Grade\">6th - 11th</dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Subjects</dt><dd><span><a href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=252&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=253&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=254&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=255&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=256&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=257&amp;search_tab_id=1&amp;subject_ids%5B%5D=1216220\">All Subjects</a></span></dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Media Type</dt><dd><span><a href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=252&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=253&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=254&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=255&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=256&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=257&amp;search_tab_id=2&amp;type_ids%5B%5D=4543647\">Instructional Videos</a></span></dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Source:</dt>\n<dd></dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Date</dt>\n<dd>2018</dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<i aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-solid fa-language'></i>\n\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Audiences</dt><dd><span><a href=\"/search?audience_ids%5B%5D=371079&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=252&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=253&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=254&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=255&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=256&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=257&amp;search_tab_id=1\">For Teacher Use</a></span></dd><dd class=\"text-muted\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-lock mr5\"></i>2 more...</dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n\n</dl>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div aria-labelledby='educator-ratings-heading' class='rp-info-section'>\n<h2 class='title sr-only' id='educator-ratings-heading'>Educator Ratings</h2>\n<div id=\"educator-ratings-root\"></div><div id=\"all-educator-ratings-root\"></div><div id=\"educator-rating-form-root\"></div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class='rp-resource'>\n<div aria-label='Show resource details' class='rp-show-info' role='button' tabindex='0'>\n<i class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'></i>\nShow resource details\n</div>\n<div aria-label='Video player' class='player' id='player-wrapper' role='region'>\n<div class='relative container mx-auto' id='lp-boclips-visitor-thumbnail'>\n<a class=\"block\" data-html=\"true\" data-placement=\"bottom\" data-trigger=\"click\" data-content=\"<div class=&quot;text-center py-2&quot;><a class=&quot;bold&quot; 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