{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Two Vortex Rings Colliding in SLOW MOTION - Smarter Every Day 195' data-url='/boclips/videos/5d8cfe6b096ca853ce6caf20' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5d8cfe6b096ca853ce6caf20' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nTwo Vortex Rings Colliding in SLOW MOTION - Smarter Every Day 195\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eThis took 4 years to recreate. 12 Hour edit here Please subscribe if this video earned it Get a free audio book! ⇊ Click below for more links! ⇊ High Resolution images will be provided to the Patrons of Smarter Every Day at  If you’d...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eThis took 4 years to recreate. 12 Hour edit \u003ca href='https://youtu.be/Cm9l8-qngjM' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e Please subscribe if this video earned \u003ca href='http://bit.ly/Subscribe2SED' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eit\u003c/a\u003e Get a free audio \u003ca href='http://www.audible.com/Smarter' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003ebook!\u003c/a\u003e ⇊ Click below for more links! ⇊ High Resolution images will be provided to the Patrons of Smarter Every Day \u003ca href='https://www.patreon.com/posts/high-quality-19568610' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eat\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href='http://www.patreon.com/smartereveryday' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003e\u003c/a\u003e If you’d like to support big adventures like this, consider becomingbeing a Patron! I’ve been chasing this problem for over 4 years. The 12 hour edit chronicles the entire process after David Linderman and myself started working on it in \u003ca href='https://youtu.be/Cm9l8-qngjM' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eearnest.\u003c/a\u003e People don't tweet me their thoughts about videos enough. I'd love to hear from \u003ca href='http://twitter.com/smartereveryday' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eyou.\u003c/a\u003e Smarter Every Day on \u003ca href='https://www.facebook.com/SmarterEveryDay' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eFacebook\u003c/a\u003e Smarter Every Day on Patreon \u003ca href='http://www.patreon.com/smartereveryday' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003e\u003c/a\u003e Smarter Every Day On \u003ca href='http://www.instagram.com/smartereveryday' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eInstagram\u003c/a\u003e Smarter Every Day \u003ca href='http://www.reddit.com/r/smartereveryday' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eSubReddit\u003c/a\u003e Song “Rings in Rings in Rings” by Gordon McGladdery of A Shell In The Pit Listen to it on Spotify: (It \u003ca href='https://open.spotify.com/track/5Itp2wFFmI6xtIAc54F1rM' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003ehelps\u003c/a\u003e All A Shell in the Pit music available \u003ca href='https://ashellinthepit.bandcamp.com/track/rings-in-rings-in-rings' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eat\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href='http://ashellinthepit.bandcamp.com/' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003e\u003c/a\u003e ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GET SMARTER SECTION A Vortex Ring is also called a Toroidal \u003ca href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex_ring' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eVortex\u003c/a\u003e Original Research Paper by T. T. Lim \u0026 T. B. Nickels (Published in Nature \u003ca href='http://202.118.74.190/~elizabeth/Docs/34_Instability_Head-on%20collision_of_large_VR.pdf' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003e1992)\u003c/a\u003e Governing Equations of Fluid \u003ca href='http://www.eng.auburn.edu/~tplacek/courses/fluidsreview-1.pdf' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eMechanics\u003c/a\u003e Numerical Analysis of this \u003ca href='http://fluid.itcmp.pwr.wroc.pl/~znmp/Publikacje/JP_2014_Kudela_Kosior.pdf' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003ephenomena\u003c/a\u003e Interesting Research Papers on Vortex Ring \u003ca href='https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3721/e67f5bf8e88a47e2241058c7e3cc064c5e8a.pdf' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eReconnection\u003c/a\u003e Other Videos created by Dr. T T \u003ca href='http://me.nus.edu.sg/dept/limtt/videogallery.html' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eLim\u003c/a\u003e Flow Visualization, A Book by Dr. T T \u003ca href='https://www.amazon.com/Flow-Visualization-Techniques-Examples-Second/dp/1848167911/ref=mt_hardcover?_encoding=UTF8\u0026me=\u0026qid=1529505335' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eLim\u003c/a\u003e Why we typically don’t talk about angular momentum in \u003ca href='https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/127712/why-dont-we-talk-about-angular-momentum-at-all-in-fluid-mechanics' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003efluids.\u003c/a\u003e We used a computer controlled cylinder to pump fluid behind a rubber membrane to fire toroidal vortices out of the vortex cannons. We fixed one of the vortex cannon in a stationary position, and used a multi-axis microscope stage to align a second cannon to it… which sounds incredibly easy, until you realize that DYE density was an experiment all on its own. If the density of the dye mix was light than water, the vortex would go up. If the dye was more dense than water the vortex would fall. We had to overcome SO MANY VARIABLES to overcome and we basically spent about 4 hours figuring each variable. Water/dye temperature differential Water turbulence Water turbidity (cloudiness or haziness of a fluid) How to reset the aquarium Cannon Spacing Cannon Nozzle Cannon Shape Dye homogeneity in the vortex itself The piston displacement volume The piston stroke speed Rubber diaphragm tension, would make one side fire faster than the other. Water or air to drive diaphram? Firing speed (too slow and they drift, too fast and turbulence tears apart secondaries) We did a complete redesign of the cannon 3 different times. The Dye loading method was changed several times At times We tried to maintain negative pressure on the cannon chamber… we also tried to put shutters on the front of the muzzle. Ultimately I decided it was ok to live with dye dripping out of the front. We had to premix the dyes and eventually we got there. It got to the point where we didn’t even really know what success looked like and always thought we were there. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The thought is my efforts making videos will help educate the world as a whole, and one day generate enough revenue to pay for my kids college education. Until then if you appreciate what you've learned in this video and the effort that went in to it, please SHARE THE VIDEO! 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