{"page":"<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" />\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" />\n<div data-title='The Unreasonable Efficiency of Black Holes' data-url='/boclips/videos/5f7dd17b8cd8ed7a1e388daf' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5f7dd17b8cd8ed7a1e388daf' id='bo_player_modal'>\n<div class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'>\n<div class='react-notifications-root'></div>\n<div class='rp-header'>\n<div class='rp-type'>\n<i aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'></i>\nVideo\n</div>\n<h1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'>\nThe Unreasonable Efficiency of Black Holes\n</h1>\n<div class='rp-actions'>\n<div class='mr-1'>\n<a class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"><span><span>Get Free Access</span><span class=\"\"> for 10 Days</span><span>!</span></span></a>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class='rp-body'>\n<div class='rp-info'>\n<div aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'>&times;</div>\n<i aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'></i>\n<i aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'></i>\n<div class='rp-rating'>\n<span class='resource-pool'>\n<span class='pool-label'>Publisher:</span>\n<span class='pool-name'>\n<span class='text'><a data-publisher-id=\"30358008\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30358008\">MinutePhysics</a></span>\n</span>\n</span>\n</div>\n<div class='rp-description'>\n<span class='short-description'>This video is about how efficient various reactions are at converting mass to energy (as we know from the Einstein mass-energy equivalence of E=mc^2). Antimatter is very efficient but it is not naturally-occurring. Chemical reactions...</span>\n<span class='full-description hide'>This video is about how efficient various reactions are at converting mass to energy (as we know from the Einstein mass-energy equivalence of E=mc^2). Antimatter is very efficient but it is not naturally-occurring. Chemical reactions like fire or explosions are very inefficient. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are better, but not amazing on an absolute scale. Non-rotating black holes (Schwarzschild) and rotating (Kerr) are by far the most efficient, due to their accretion disks and very small radius of their innermost stable circular orbits. <br/><br/>REFERENCES:<br/>Periodic Videos Hydrogen Explosion in slow <a href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOTgeeTB_kA' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>motion</a><br/><br/>CIA World Factbook Norway Energy <a href='https://web.archive.org/web/20120128032332/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2042rank.html' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Consumption</a><br/><br/>Binding <a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_energy' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Energy</a><br/><br/>Hydrogen molecular <a href='https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/chemistry/5-73-introductory-quantum-mechanics-i-fall-2005/lecture-notes/sec13.pdf' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>bonding</a><br/><br/>Gibbs free energy of water <a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Gibbs_free_energy_of_formation' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>formation</a><br/><br/>Party Balloon Size <a href='https://broadwaypartyrental.com/wp-content/uploads/HELIUM-BALOON-CHART.pdf' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Chart</a><br/><br/>Mass <a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_excess' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Excess</a><br/><br/>Table of Mass <a href='http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/masses/mass.mas12' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Excesses</a><br/><br/>Deuterium-Tritium Hydrogen Fusion Energy <a href='http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=((deuterium+atomic+mass)%2B(tritium+atomic+mass)-(helium-4+atomic+mass)-(neutron+mass))%2F((deuterium+atomic+mass)%2B(tritium+atomic+mass))' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>Released</a><br/><br/>Hydrogen to Helium Fusion chain <a href='http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=(4(proton+mass)-(helium+4+atomic+mass))%2F(4(proton+mass))' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>efficiency</a><br/><br/>Uranium-235 fission <a href='http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=(neutron+mass%2B(uranium+235+atomic+mass)-(krypton+92+atomic+mass)-(barium+141+atomic+mass)-3(neutron+mass))%2F(neutron+mass%2B(uranium+235+atomic+mass))' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>efficiency</a><br/><br/>Black Hole Accretion <a href='http://www-astro.physics.ox.ac.uk/~garret/teaching/lecture7-2012.pdf' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>rates</a><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!<br/><br/>Created by Henry Reich</span>\n</div>\n<div class='action-container flex justify-between'>\n<button aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'>\n<i class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'></i>\n<span id='read_more'>Read More</span>\n</button>\n<div class='rp-report'>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'>\n<h2 class='title' 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class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Grade</dt><dd title=\"Grade\">12th - Higher Ed</dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Subjects</dt><dd><span><a href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=258&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=259&amp;search_tab_id=1&amp;subject_ids%5B%5D=365221\">Science</a></span></dd><dd class=\"text-muted\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-lock mr5\"></i>8 more...</dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Media Type</dt><dd><span><a href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=258&amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=259&amp;search_tab_id=2&amp;type_ids%5B%5D=4543647\">Instructional Videos</a></span></dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Source:</dt>\n<div class='preview-source' data-animation='true' data-boundary='.rp-info' data-container='.rp-resource-details' data-html='false' data-title='Short, animated videos answering questions about how the world really works.' data-trigger='hover focus'>\n<span>MinutePhysics</span>\n<i aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-circle-info channel-tooltip-icon' 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