{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='The Mystery Of The Missing Penis' data-url='/boclips/videos/609dbec6b5ee9a02aaff2382' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/609dbec6b5ee9a02aaff2382' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nThe Mystery Of The Missing Penis\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30358007\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30358007\"\u003eMinuteEarth\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eBecome smarter in 5 minutes by signing up for free today - Thanks to Morning Brew for sponsoring today’s video. Because there are so many different types of penises among our evolutionary relatives, we didn’t know until a recent...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eBecome smarter in 5 minutes by signing up for free \u003ca href='http://cen.yt/mbminuteearth' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003etoday\u003c/a\u003e - Thanks to Morning Brew for sponsoring today’s video. Because there are so many different types of penises among our evolutionary relatives, we didn’t know until a recent discovery whether they all had the same origin. LEARN MORE ************** To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: - Amniote: Vertebrates whose embryos are enclosed in a thin sac. - Cloaca: A posterior orifice used for excretion and reproduction. - Cloacal Kiss: A method that penisless amniotes use to mate, which involves males and females momentarily pressing their cloacae together. - Tuatara: Reptiles endemic to New Zealand that are the only surviving members of their ancient amniote group. - Hemipenis: One of the paired copulatory organs of lizards and snakes. - Bmp4: A protein that, when present, stifles the growth of penises in chick embryos. - Convergent Evolution: The independent evolution of similar features in different species. 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CREDITS ********* Emily Willingham | Script Writer David Goldenberg | Script Editor \u0026 Narrator Adam Thompson | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation Ever Salazar | Director Nathaniel Schroeder | Music MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios \u003ca href='https://neptunestudios.info' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eLLC\u003c/a\u003e OUR STAFF ************ Sarah Berman • Arcadi Garcia i Rius David Goldenberg • Julián Gustavo Gómez Melissa Hayes • Alex Reich • Henry Reich • Peter Reich Ever Salazar • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida OUR LINKS ************ \u003ca href='https://youtube.com/MinuteEarth' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eYoutube |\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href='https://tiktok.com/@minuteearth' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eTikTok |\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href='https://twitter.com/MinuteEarth' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eTwitter |\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href='https://instagram.com/minute_earth' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eInstagram |\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href='https://facebook.com/Minuteearth' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eFacebook |\u003c/a\u003e \u003ca href='https://minuteearth.com' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eWebsite |\u003c/a\u003e Apple \u003ca href='https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/minuteearth/id649211176' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003ePodcasts|\u003c/a\u003e REFERENCES ************** Ortiz-Ospina, E. (2017). “Life Expectancy” – What does this actually mean?. Our World In Data. Retrieved \u003ca href='https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy-how-is-it-calculated-and-how-should-it-be-interpreted.' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003efrom\u003c/a\u003e Dendy, Arthur. 1899. “Memoirs: Outlines of the Development of the Tuatara, Sphenodon (Hatteria) punctatus.” Journal of Cell Science s2-42: 1–87. Cree, Alison. 2014. Tuatara: Biology and Conservation of a Venerable Survivor. Christchurch, New Zealand: Canterbury University Press. Gans, Carl, James C. Gillingham, and David Lang Clark. 1984. “Courtship, Mating and Male Combat in Tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus.” Journal of Herpetology 18 (2): 194–97. Retrieved \u003ca href='https://doi.org/10.2307/1563749.' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003efrom\u003c/a\u003e Sanger, Thomas J., Marissa L. Gredler, and Martin J. Cohn. 2015. “Resurrecting Embryos of the Tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus, to Resolve Vertebrate Phallus Evolution.” Biology Letters 11 (10): pii: 20150694. REtreieved \u003ca href='https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0694.' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003efrom\u003c/a\u003e Herrera, Ana María, Simone G. Shuster, Claire L. Perriton, and Martin J. Cohn. 2013. “Developmental Basis of Phallus Reduction During Bird Evolution.” Current Biology 23 (12): 1065–74. Retrieved \u003ca href='https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.062.' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003efrom\u003c/a\u003e Brennan, Patricia L. R. 2016a. “Evolution: One Penis After All.” Current Biology 26: R29–R31. Retrieved \u003ca href='https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.024.' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003efrom\u003c/a\u003e Willingham, Emily. 2020. Fallacy: Life Lessons from the Animal Penis. Avery. 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