{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Why Are There Penguins At The Equator?' data-url='/boclips/videos/625f5d52d2bc4b47441fe4d7' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/625f5d52d2bc4b47441fe4d7' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nWhy Are There Penguins At The Equator?\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30358007\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30358007\"\u003eMinuteEarth\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eTry Dashlane here Plus, here’s a 10% off promo code for Dashlane Premium: minuteearth When nutrients from the ocean depths reach the sunlit surface (like in the Galapagos), life is more productive. Thanks also to our Patreon patrons and...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eTry Dashlane \u003ca href='http://bit.ly/minutedash.' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e Plus, here’s a 10% off promo code for Dashlane Premium: minuteearth When nutrients from the ocean depths reach the sunlit surface (like in the Galapagos), life is more productive. Thanks also to our Patreon \u003ca href='https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003epatrons\u003c/a\u003e and our YouTube members. ___________________________________________ To learn more, start your googling with these keywords: Net Primary Production (NPP): the amount of primary production that organisms do, minus the amount of carbon they use up to do so (by respiring) Phytoplankton: microscopic green algae that live in water and get energy through photosynthesis. Learn more \u003ca href='https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/phyto.html' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e Primary Production: the synthesis of organic chemicals from carbon dioxide (mostly happens through photosynthesis) Upwelling: the motion of cooler, usually nutrient-rich, water towards the ocean surface ___________________________________________ Subscribe to MinuteEarth on \u003ca href='http://goo.gl/EpIDGd' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eYouTube\u003c/a\u003e Support us on \u003ca href='https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003ePatreon\u003c/a\u003e And visit our \u003ca href='https://www.minuteearth.com/' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003ewebsite\u003c/a\u003e Say hello on \u003ca href='http://goo.gl/FpAvo6' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eFacebook\u003c/a\u003e And \u003ca href='http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eTwitter\u003c/a\u003e And download our videos on \u003ca href='https://goo.gl/sfwS6n' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eitunes\u003c/a\u003e ___________________________________________ Credits (and Twitter handles): Script Writer: Alex Reich (@alexhreich) Script Editor: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida) Video Illustrator: Arcadi Garcia Video Director: Alex Reich \u0026 Emily Elert Video Narrator: Emily Elert (@eelert) With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Ever Salazar, Peter Reich, David Goldenberg Music by: Nathaniel \u003ca href='http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eSchroeder\u003c/a\u003e ___________________________________________ References: Ainley, David. Personal Communication, 2018. Baker, A. J., et al. 2006. Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling. Proc of Royal Soc B: Biol Sci, 273 (1582), 11-\u003ca href='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560011/' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003e17.\u003c/a\u003e Behrenfeld, M. J., et al. 2006. Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity. Nature, 444(7120), \u003ca href='https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05317' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003e752.\u003c/a\u003e Boersma, Dee. Personal Communication, 2018. Boyd, P.W., et al. 2014. Cross-chapter box on net primary production in the ocean. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC [Field, C.B., et al (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK \u0026 New York, NY, USA, pp. 133-136. Dybdahl, Mark. Personal Communication, 2018. Falkowski, P. G., et al. 1998. Biogeochemical controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production. Science, 281(5374), 200-\u003ca href='https://goo.gl/1P7b69' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003e206.\u003c/a\u003e Field, C. B., et al. 1998. Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components. Science, 281(5374), 237-\u003ca href='https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt9gm7074q/qt9gm7074q.pdf' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003e240.\u003c/a\u003e Karnauskas, K. B., et al. 2017. Paleoceanography of the eastern equatorial Pacific over the past 4 million years and the geologic origins of modern Galapagos upwelling. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 460, 22-\u003ca href='https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.005' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003e28.\u003c/a\u003e LaRue, Michelle. Personal Communication, 2018. Kallmeyer, Jens. Personal Communication, 2018. Pockalny, Robert. Personal Communication, 2018. Sigman, D. M. \u0026 Hain, M. P. 2012. The Biological Productivity of the Ocean. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):\u003ca href='https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-biological-productivity-of-the-ocean-70631104' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003e21.\u003c/a\u003e Stock, Charlie. Personal Communication, 2018. Galapagos penguin \u003ca href='https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/species/galpen1/foodhabits' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003ediet\u003c/a\u003e Penguin \u003ca href='https://seaworld.org/en/animal-info/animal-infobooks/penguin/appendix' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003ediet\u003c/a\u003e Cromwell Current \u0026 \u003ca href='http://www.iflscience.com/environment/new-study-may-reveal-how-galapagos-islands-became-so-biodiverse/' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eGalapagos\u003c/a\u003e Penguin \u003ca href='https://seaworld.org/en/animal-info/animal-infobooks/penguin/appendix' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003edistribution\u003c/a\u003e , \u003ca href='http://www.penguins.cl/penguins-region.htm' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003e\u003c/a\u003e Ocean \u003ca href='https://ci.coastal.edu/~sgilman/770productivitynutrients.htm' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eproductivity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"5.0 out of 5 stars\" role=\"img\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt class=\"educator-rating-title\"\u003eEducator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"educator-rating-details\" data-path=\"/educator_ratings/rrp_data?resourceable_id=105530\u0026amp;resourceable_type=Boclips%3A%3AVideoMetadata\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"not-yet-rated\"\u003eNot yet Rated\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eGrade\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd title=\"Grade\"\u003e12th - 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