{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Tutorial 10: Fade an LED: Arduino Course for Absolute Beginners (ReM)' data-url='/boclips/videos/62a0e5afe5902514c069752c' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/62a0e5afe5902514c069752c' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nTutorial 10: Fade an LED: Arduino Course for Absolute Beginners (ReM)\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30358947\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30358947\"\u003eProgramming Electronics Academy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eArduino Course for Absolute Beginners\n\nLets expand the repertoire of output that we can use by looking at the function analogWrite().  I experienced much confusion with analogWrite(), because I suspected that it had to do with the analog...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eArduino Course for Absolute Beginners\r\u003cbr/\u003e\r\u003cbr/\u003eLets expand the repertoire of output that we can use by looking at the function analogWrite().  I experienced much confusion with analogWrite(), because I suspected that it had to do with the analog pins on the Arduino.  The function, however, has nothing to do with the analog pins.  There are 5 pins on most Arduino boards marked with an '~' next to the pin number - these pins can be invoked to rapidly change the power being applied at the pin - this is a technique called pulse width modulation (PWM).\r\u003cbr/\u003e\r\u003cbr/\u003eYou Will Need\r\u003cbr/\u003e\r\u003cbr/\u003eLED - any color is fine\r\u003cbr/\u003e220 Ohm Resistor\r\u003cbr/\u003eAlligator Clip\r\u003cbr/\u003eGlacial ice cubes\r\u003cbr/\u003eStep-by-Step Instructions\r\u003cbr/\u003e\r\u003cbr/\u003eTake the short leg of your LED and stick it in the GND pin.\r\u003cbr/\u003eTake either leg of the resistor and place it in pin 9.\r\u003cbr/\u003eConnect the long leg of the LED with the other leg of the resistor using an alligator clip\r\u003cbr/\u003ePlug the Ardunio into  your computer with the USB cable\r\u003cbr/\u003eOpen up the Arduino IDE\r\u003cbr/\u003eGo to File, Examples, 01.Basics, Fade\r\u003cbr/\u003eClick the Verify button (Top Left).  The button will turn orange and then blue once finished.\r\u003cbr/\u003eClick the Upload button.  The button will turn orange and then blue when finished.\r\u003cbr/\u003eWatch in mesmerizing amazement as the LED fades in and out.\r\u003cbr/\u003e\r\u003cbr/\u003eThe sketch starts with the usual multiline comment describing the sketch and how to set up the circuit.  The first block of code we encounter is the declaration and initialization of 3 int variables...\r\u003cbr/\u003e\r\u003cbr/\u003eint led = 9;           // the pin that the LED is attached to\r\u003cbr/\u003e\r\u003cbr/\u003eint brightness = 0;    // how bright the LED is\r\u003cbr/\u003e\r\u003cbr/\u003eint fadeAmount = 5;    // how many points to fade the LED by\r\u003cbr/\u003e\r\u003cbr/\u003eThe variable names and comments are both descriptive and helpful - remember this when naming and commenting your own code - it is a pillar of success!  The \"brightness\" variable will store the value of the current brightness of the LED.  \"fadeAmount\" is the rate at which the LED will fade and brighten. And of course, as the comments explain, \"led\" is simply the pin number where we have attached our LED (through a 220 Ohm resistor).\r\u003cbr/\u003e\r\u003cbr/\u003eNow that we have declared and initialized our variables, we move on to setting up the board with the setup() function...\r\u003cbr/\u003e\r\u003cbr/\u003evoid setup()  {\r\u003cbr/\u003e\r\u003cbr/\u003e// declare pin 9 to be an output:\r\u003cbr/\u003e\r\u003cbr/\u003epinMode(led, OUTPUT);\r\u003cbr/\u003e\r\u003cbr/\u003e}\r\u003cbr/\u003e\r\u003cbr/\u003eThe only thing we do here is set the mode of pin 9 as an OUTPUT using the pinMode() function.  Recall that pinMode() takes two arguments - the pin number and the mode.  In this case we assign the pin number using our variable \"led\", which we previously initialized as the number 9.  By now you know that setup() only runs once - the code inside the setup() curly bracket will only be executed a single time by the Arduino. Where the real action happens is in loop().\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"4.0 out of 5 stars\" role=\"img\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-regular fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt class=\"educator-rating-title\"\u003eEducator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"educator-rating-details\" data-path=\"/educator_ratings/rrp_data?resourceable_id=193973\u0026amp;resourceable_type=Boclips%3A%3AVideoMetadata\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"not-yet-rated\"\u003eNot yet Rated\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eMedia Length\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e19:45\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eGrade\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd title=\"Grade\"\u003eHigher Ed\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eSubjects\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=1\u0026amp;subject_ids%5B%5D=378077\"\u003eSTEM\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\u003cdd class=\"text-muted\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-lock mr5\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e3 more...\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eMedia Type\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=2\u0026amp;type_ids%5B%5D=4543647\"\u003eInstructional Videos\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eSource:\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='preview-source' data-animation='true' data-boundary='.rp-info' data-container='.rp-resource-details' data-html='false' data-title='Got questions about Arduino? 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