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\nMetal Excess Defect in Zinc Oxide ZnO \n

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\nMetal excess defect due to excess cations occurs when extra positive ions (cations) are present in the crystal lattice, occupying interstitial sites to maintain electrical neutrality. To balance the excess positive charge, electrons are...\nMetal excess defect due to excess cations occurs when extra positive ions (cations) are present in the crystal lattice, occupying interstitial sites to maintain electrical neutrality. To balance the excess positive charge, electrons are also present in neighboring interstitial sites. This results in a non-stoichiometric composition of the compound, where the formula becomes M1+xO. For example, zinc oxide (ZnO) turns yellow when heated due to the formation of this defect. When heated, ZnO loses oxygen, leading to the formation of excess Zn2+ cations that occupy interstitial sites, while electrons move to neighboring interstitial positions. This unpaired electron presence gives the crystal paramagnetic behavior and the ability to conduct electricity, making it a semiconductor. In summary, the metal excess defect due to excess cations occurs when extra positive ions are present in the interstitial sites of the crystal lattice, accompanied by electrons in neighboring interstitial positions\n
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Resource Details

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Media Length
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2:34
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Grade
9th - Higher Ed
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Subjects
Science
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Media Type
Instructional Videos
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Source:
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\nAudio Visual Representation of Chemistry\n\n
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Date
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2024
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Language
English
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For Teacher Use
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Fine Print: Educational Use
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Concepts

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electrons, conductivity, light, color, crystals
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metal excess defect, excess cations, crystal lattice, interstitial sites, electrical neutrality, positive charge, non-stoichiometric composition, m1+xo formula, zinc oxide (zno), yellow coloration, heating, oxygen loss, zn2+ cations, paramagnetic behavior, semiconductor, interstitial sign, free electron, zinc ions, interstitial side, yellow light, occupies, crystal, part
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