Primary
Internet History Sourcebooks Project

Fordham University: Modern History Sourcebook: Memorandum on Trade, 1664

For Students 9th - 10th
This website from the Fordham University contains a memorandum on trade written in 1664 by Jean-Baptiste Colbert to Louis XIV, king of France. The document discusses the situation of trade (import and export), and their competition with...
eBook
University of Virginia

University of Virginia: Memorandum During the War

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
The Electronic Text Center of the University of Virginia presents links to the online text for Walt Whitman's prose writing, "Memorandum During the War" in which Whitman records his thoughts and experiences visiting the wounded in the...
Article
Other

Lumen Learning: Memorandums

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
This site discusses the purpose and format of a memo and helps understand effective strategies for business memos.
Primary
US National Archives

Nara: Teaching With Documents: Memorandum Regarding Enlistment of Navajo Indians

For Students 9th - 10th
A fascinating description of the background behind the recruitment of Navajo speakers as code talkers in World War II. Included is the document from General Clayton Vogel who recommended the development of the use of code talkers, and...
Primary
Mount Holyoke College

International Relations: Cia Internal Memorandum About Strike on Cuba

For Students 9th - 10th
The memo dated January 4, 1961, outlines the Bay of Pigs planned invasion, in great detail.
eBook
Blackdog Media

Classic Reader: "A Memorandum of Sudden Death" by Frank Norris

For Students 9th - 10th
Text of the short story "A Memorandum of Sudden Death" by American author Frank Norris. (Free site registration offers some additional features, e.g., the ability to insert annotations.)
Primary
Other

Watergate.info: Jaworski Memorandum on Prosecuting Nixon

For Students 9th - 10th
Originally written in 1974 by Carl B. Feldbaum, this text overviews the "Factors to be Considered in Deciding Whether to Prosecute Richard M. Nixon for Obstruction of Justice."
Activity
Get It Write

Get It Write: Criteria, Media, and Memorandums

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
Do you know when to use "criteria" and when to use "criterion?" What about "media" and "medium?" The correct singular and plural usage of these words can cause confusion. This site gives a good explanation of how to use these words...
Primary
Mount Holyoke College

International Relations: Memorandum of Discussion: January 28, 1961

For Students 9th - 10th
The text of a conversation between President Kennedy and his advisors concerning the "prospects for success" of an American plan to send American-trained Cuban exiles to invade Cuba.
Primary
Atomic Archive

Atomicarchive.com: The Manhattan Project

For Students 9th - 10th
A collection of primary source documents on the Manhatten project and the decision to drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan in 1945. Content includes letters to and from J. Robert Oppenheimer, written deals and agreements, internal memorandums,...
Website
Other

Union of Journalists: Memorandum on Digital Manipulation

For Students 9th - 10th
This is an article offering possible guidelines (and marking techniques) to avoid the unethical alteration of photos through digital manipulation or tampering.
Article
Yale University

The Avalon Project: The U 2 Airplane Incident

For Students 9th - 10th
This site has extensive information about the U-2 Airplane Incident, including many first hand sources such as telegrams and memorandums.
Primary
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

Woodrow Wilson Center: Digital Archive: Cold War Origins

For Students 9th - 10th
This collection of primary source documents discusses international relations during World War II and the years shortly after. It begins with the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact signed in 1939 and ends with documents from the 1950's. The...
Primary
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

Woodrow Wilson Center: Digital Archive: Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

For Students 9th - 10th
A collection of primary source documents that discuss intelligence issues during the Cold War. The documents come from archives in many different Soviet bloc countries. They are mainly decision memorandums, descriptions, agreements, and...
Primary
Other

International Monetary Fund: Moldova Letter of Intent (1999)

For Students 9th - 10th
Sent July 29, 1999 by the Moldovan government to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), this letter and memorandum details Moldova's plans to achieve economic stability during the 1999 fiscal year in order to encourage the IMF to provide...
Handout
Online Writing Lab at Purdue University

Purdue University Owl: Audience and Purpose

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
An excellent resource for learning how to write effective and professional memos. Offers information on a basic plan, the parts of a memo, and necessary attachments.
Handout
Travel Document Systems

Tds: Angola: History

For Students 9th - 10th
Read about the harsh history of Angola and the recent bright spots that suggest possible success after the civil wars that resulted from the country's rebellion from Portugal. Information is from the U.S. State Dept. Background Notes.
eBook
OpenStax

Open Stax: Great Depression 1929 1932: Assessing Hoover Years on Eve of New Deal

For Students 11th - 12th
Examines Herbert Hoover's time as President, what went well and what didn't, as well as whether perceptions about his legacy are accurate and unbiased. Looks at his foreign policy and how he dealt with civil rights.
Website
Nobel Media AB

The Nobel Prize: The Nobel Peace Prize 1950

For Students 9th - 10th
Learn about the 1950 winner of the Nobel Peace Prize through this website, which provides the prize "Presentation Speech," Ralph Bunche's (1904-1971 CE) Nobel Lecture entitled "Some Reflections on Peace in Our Time," and a brief...
Primary
Mount Holyoke College

Documents Relating to American Foreign Policy: Cuban Missle Crisis

For Students 9th - 10th
Links to declassified documents surrounding and responding to Bay of Pigs and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Includes memorandums, statements, public addresses, meeting transcripts, etc.
Primary
Digital Public Library of America

Dpla: Lyndon Johnson's Great Society

For Students 9th - 10th
This primary source set uses photographs, videos, reports, speeches, and memorandums to explore the motivations and effectiveness of the Great Society. Includes Teacher's guide.
Activity
Colorado State University

Colorado State Writing Center: Introduction: Writing Memos

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
This resource includes information on the definition, purpose, audience, format, and types of memos.
Website
Other

The Restitution of the Parthenon Marbles

For Students 9th - 10th
The Hellenic Ministry of Culture's site on the controversy surrounding Lord Elgin's removal of the Parthenon sculptures from 1801-1811. The Sculptures are now located in the British Museum.
Primary
Library of Congress

Loc: Churchill and the Great Republic: Memo. Of Conservation, Yalta

For Students 9th - 10th
From a larger Library of Congress exhibit on Winston Churchill, this document is a memorandum of a conversation Churchill had during a dinner at the Yalta Conference. Zooming in allows the document to be read.