Thorough explanation of Aristotle's several original contributions to logic from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Includes a substantial bibliography as well as sections on syllogism, assertion, demonstration, the "Organon,"...

Presents biographical information about Rene Descartes (1596-1650), his career, personal life, written works, and his legacy. Covers contributions to philosophy, mathematics, and science.

This site from The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy provides a comprehensive survey of the life and philosophy of Thomas Hobbes. It discusses his writings as well as his ideas on moral and political philosophy.

Excellent article that clearly explains the meaning and significance of "induction" in the history of philosophy. Relates the concept to philosophy of science as well as epistemology, demonstrating how the issues raised by induction are...

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (August 31, 1821 - September 8, 1894) was a German physician and physicist who made significant contributions to several widely varied areas of modern science. In physiology and physiological...