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Heat Transport
Conduction, convection and radiation are all ways in which heat is transported. How does each work, and what are they useful for? Physics - Energy And Radioactivity - Learning Points. The three types of heat transport are conduction,...
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Flame Colours and Spectroscopy
The discovery by Robert Bunsen which allowed elements to be identified more easily, and even led to the discovery of new ones. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Gustav Kirchoff assembled the first spectroscope - two...
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Speed of Sound
Sound waves move through different mediums at different speeds, but why is this? What factors affect the speed of sound? Physics - Waves - Learning Points. Speed of sound depends on many different factors. Temperature, elasticity and...
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What is Sound?
Sounds can vary greatly: extremely quiet or deafeningly loud, high and shrill to low and booming. Why are they so different? Physics - Waves - Learning Points. Sound is a vibration passed to and fro along particles forming a wave. It can...
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Place Like Home: Life On a Moon
The discovery of Titan's atmosphere excited scientists, who believe it could hold the key to life on Earth. Physics - UniverseLearning Points. Titan is the only moon in the Solar System with a dense atmosphere. Titan's atmosphere is 98%...
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Incandescent Light Bulb
We look at how an incandescent light bulb can be made. First we attach a tungsten wire to electrodes in a flask of air and pass a current through the wire. The wire glows briefly before burning and breaking. Next we fill the flask with...
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Flame Test
We use a Bunsen burner to burn different chemical salts to see how the flame colour changes. This shows that sodium burns with a yellow flame, lithium burns with a red flame, barium burns with a yellow-green flame and copper burns with a...
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Mass of Wire Wool
We look at how the mass of wire wool changes when it is burned. Wire wool is almost 99% iron. When we burn it, it combines chemically with oxygen from the air to form iron(III) oxide. The mass of the product is more than the mass of the...
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Burning Bubbles
We investigate the properties of two types of gas bubbles: methane gas bubbles and bubbles of the gas we breathe out. The air-filled bubbles sink and we are unable to set them alight, while the methane bubbles float upwards and are...
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Hero's Engine
We use a Hero's engine model to show how equal and opposite forces can cause propulsion. Two holes are pierced in a metal bottle and some water is added. This is suspended above a Bunsen burner, and as the water boils and leaves the...
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Inflating Glove
We inflate a rubber glove using the gas produced during a neutralisation reaction. Bicarbonate of soda is added to vinegar in a beaker covered by a rubber glove and it expands. The gas is used to extinguish a flame, showing that it is...
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Collision Theory
Discover that altering the number of successful collisions between particles is key to changing the rate of chemical reactions. How this can be manipulated? Chemistry - ReactionsLearning Points. New substances are made when particles...
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Gases – Big reveal
What is it? ... It's the surface of a bubble! Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Gases A Twig Tidbit Film - Big Reveal. The image zooms out from an extreme close-up to full frame. The children have to guess what the image is.
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Gases – Did you know?
Did you know that the surface of Jupiter is made up entirely of gases? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Gases Learning Points The surface of Jupiter is made entirely of gases. A Twig Tidbit Film - Did you know? A...
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Expansion and conduction – What happens next?
A balloon is dipped in liquid nitrogen ... what happens next? Material processes - Changing materials - Expansion and conduction A Twig Tidbit Film - What happens next? A short section of film is played and the children have to guess...
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Gases – What's that noise?
What's that noise? ... It's a whale's blowhole! Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Gases A Twig Tidbit Film - What’s that noise? The children have to identify an object from its sound alone.
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What is a mixture?
Find out what makes a mixture, and what happens when materials react chemically. Material processes - Separating mixtures - What is a mixture? Learning Points A mixture is formed when different materials are combined without chemical...
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What is weather?
Check out the various forms of weather, what causes it, and how it affects our lives. People and places -Physical geography - Weather Learning Points The weather is the current state of the atmosphere in a particular location on Earth....
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Journey to the abyss
Plunge to the deepest and most difficult place to live on Earth. People and places - Physical geography - Climate Learning Points A biome's unique climate means that only particular plants and animals can survive there. Temperature and...
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Why is the Statue of Liberty green?
Did you know that the Statue of Liberty hasn't always been green? Material processes - Changing materials - Chemical reactions Learning Points Chemical reactions produce new substances. Chemical changes always involve two or more...
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What is air?
You may not think about it much, but air is everywhere and it is essential to life. Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Characteristics of air Learning Points Air is a mixture of gases including nitrogen and oxygen. Air...
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What is a solid?
What properties do solids, liquids and gases have? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Solids Learning Points Solids have a fixed shape that can only be changed by external force. Solids have a fixed volume. The molecules in...
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Smog - Air Pollution
Find out how harmful gases in the air can react together to create smog ... a form of air pollution. People and places - Human impact on the environment - Polluting the air Learning Points Smog is a mixture of harmful gases that react...
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What is a gas?
What are the properties of a gas? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Gases Learning Points Gases do not have a fixed shape and so move to fill their container. The molecules in gases are widely spaced and move about...