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Strong acid
A strong acid is one that is fully ionised in solution. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films reinforce abstract...
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Mass spectrometer
An instrument that analyses characteristics of atoms and molecules, including their mass. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science...
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Lattice
A regular pattern of points repeating in an identical way, and often referring to the arrangement of ions or molecules in a crystalline solid. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning...
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Van der Waals Force
A type of intermolecular force that causes attraction between molecules. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films...
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Metallic bond
A metallic bond is the attractive force that exists between positively charged ions and the 'sea' of negative electrons in a metal element. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning...
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Ionic compound
A chemical compound typically formed from metal and non-metal elements combining. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary...
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Electroplating
Coating an object with a metal using electrolysis. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films reinforce abstract...
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Electrolyte
A substance that when molten or dissolved in solution, releases free ions that make it electrically conductive A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual...
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Crystal
A solid consisting of atoms, molecules, or ions arranged in a highly ordered, repetitive, three-dimensional lattice. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual...
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Displacement reaction
A reaction in which a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element in a compound. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science...
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Antioxidant
A substance that can protect against damage caused by free radicals. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films...
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Hard and Soft Water
The properties of water and its uses, depend on its mineral content. What minerals are found in water and how do they affect it? Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. Water contains dissolved mineral ions, such as sodium, calcium...
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Crystals in Caves
Discover the chemical processes occurring deep within the Earth that create beautiful crystal structures in caves. Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points. Caves are a result of rainwater slowly carving away rock. Carbonic acid forms in...
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Electrolysis: Discovery, Process, and Industrial Applications
Electrolysis is fundamental to industrial processes. How was it discovered, how does it work and what are its uses? Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points. The Chemist Humphry Davy developed the reaction we now call electrolysis....
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Rusting Nails
We investigate the conditions needed for rust to form. Four iron nails are placed under different conditions. One is half submerged in water. Another is completely submerged in boiled water. One is half submerged in salt water. The final...
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Filtration and Evaporation
We use filtration and evaporation to separate out a mixture of water, sand and salt. The sand is removed using filtration, as it did not dissolve in the water. The remaining solution is heated until the water evaporates, leaving behind...
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Electrolysis of Water
We use electrolysis to break water molecules down into hydrogen and oxygen. This is done using the Hoffman apparatus. Water is added to the apparatus along with some dilute sulfuric acid. When a current is passed through the water,...
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Citrus Fruit Battery
We use lemons and strips of zinc and copper to make a battery. First, strips of copper and zinc are added to one lemon and they are connected across a voltmeter. This is repeated, this time with more lemons and metal plates, until a...
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Metal Extraction
We extract copper metal from copper chloride solution using electrolysis. The electric current causes copper to form at one electrode and chlorine gas to form at the other. The presence of chlorine is tested using blue litmus paper....
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Chemical Filtration
We look at how chemical filtration can be used to remove contaminants from water. Potassium permanganate is used as the contaminant. First, we try to remove it using physical filtration, with filter paper and a funnel. This does not...
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Oscillating Colour Change
We use three chemical solutions to create an oscillating reaction. The three different solutions are mixed using a magnetic stirrer and the colour changes from clear to amber to dark blue. This pattern repeats as the concentrations of...
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Hydrogels
We use a disposable nappy to examine the superabsorbent properties of hydrogels. We add water to grains of hydrogel and watch them swell before adding salt to see the water escape. Chemistry - Chemical Industries - Learning Points....
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Precipitate Formation
We add potassium iodide and lead(II) nitrate to the opposite sides of a Petri dish filled with water to see how quickly they diffuse. When added to the water, the chemicals spread through the dish and when they meet they react to form...
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Orange Tornado
We use mercury(II) chloride solution and potassium iodide to demonstrate a precipitation reaction. Saturated potassium iodide solution is placed on a magnetic stirrer and the speed is set so that a vortex is created. Mercury(II) chloride...