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Fight or Flight
Danger elicits an instinctive biological response. Find out which hormones control whether we run away, or stand our ground and fight. Biology - Being Human - Learning Points. At the first sight of danger, messages are sent to the brain...
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Big Breathers
Marine mammals like dolphins, seals and whales can hold their breath far longer than humans. How do they do this? Biology - Human Body - Learning Points. Underwater mammals, such as humpback whales, can hold their breaths for up to...
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The Sun - Our Star
Our Sun is a medium sized star, which creates the perfect conditions for life on Earth. What happens on the Sun and how do stars, including the Sun, live and die? Physics - Our Solar System - Learning Points. The Sun is 4.6 billion years...
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Little Breathers
Find out how humans can overcome biological responses to hold their breath underwater for several minutes. Biology - Human Body - Learning Points. When we hold our breaths, our lungs signal the brain to start breathing again. The human...
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The Birth of Our Solar System
The explosive reactions and forces, from gravity to nuclear fsion, which formed our Solar System. Physics - Our Solar System - Learning Points. Our Solar System is the region of space which falls within the gravitational influence of our...
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Carbon: Introduction
Carbon occurs naturally in four different forms. Discover how they differ and why? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Carbon is present in all living organisms. Carbon in its elemental form appears as four distinct...
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Oxygen and Combustion
Combustion reactions are vital: from keeping us warm and cooking our food, to providing electricity and propelling rockets into outer space. What do we know about these chemical reactions? Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points....
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Oxidation Reactions
Why do we cook our food wrapped in aluminium foil? Why does metal rust? It all comes down to oxidation reactions. Discover what happens to cause these reactions, and how to stop them. Chemistry - ReactionsLearning Points. The combustion...
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Deforestation
Discover how the destruction of the rainforest impacts ecosystems, and begins a cycle that contributes to global warming. Earth Science - Human Impacts - Learning Points. Forests are home to 70% of Earth's land animals and plants....
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Photosynthesis: How Plants Convert Sunlight into Energy
Journey into the chloroplast, where photosynthesis takes place, to learn how plants convert sunlight into usable chemical energy - one of the most vital processes on Earth. Biology - Plants - Learning Points. Leaves are small...
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The Taiga Forest
The Taiga forest is the largest land ecosystem on Earth, stretching from Alaska to Japan. Explore the Taiga and discover the plant and animal life that survives these freezing conditions. Biology - Ecosystems - Learning Points. The Taiga...
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Carbon Capture: Phytoplankton
Phytoplankon - microscopic marine plants - could help prevent global warming. How would they do this? And is it right for man to interfere with nature in a bid to save the planet? Human Geography - A Changing World - Learning Points....
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Heart
The heart powers everything you do. It pumps without you thinking about it, and beats over a billion times in an average lifetime. But how does it work? Biology - Human Body - Learning Points. The heart is the hardest working muscle in...
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The Curse of Phlogiston
The 17th century German chemist Johann Becher proposed that an element, phlogiston, was released when substances burned. He was wrong, and his incorrect theory led many early chemists to misunderstand the significance of some of their...
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Nitrates: Food Preservatives
Potassium nitrate is a natural substance found in your food, or in an exploding firework. What makes it so versatile? Chemistry - Chemical Industries - Learning Points. Potassium nitrate preserves our food and is a component of...
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Food Basics: Proteins
Proteins are at the root of virtually all bodily functions, from growth to metabolism to transporting oxygen around the body. Learn how your body makes or ingests all the protein you need. Chemistry - Chemical Industries - Learning...
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Metals in Medicine
Metals are used in the human body for a wide range of medical purposes. Discover which metals are used and what properties they have that can help to heal us. Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. Titanium, stainless steel and...
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Balanced Diet - Nutrition Essentials
Discover which foods are vital for a healthy diet. What should you be eating, how much, and why? Biology - Healthy Living - Learning Points. You need a balanced diet to be healthy. A balanced diet is varied and contains different amounts...
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What is a Calorie?
Everything we eat contains calories. We need them to function and carry out everyday tasks. How do we know which foods are right to eat and which contain 'empty calories'? Chemistry - Chemical Industries - Learning Points. Calories are...
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Algae: Diverse and Vital Organisms of Our Ecosystems
Discover the amazingly diverse world of algae. These species come in all shapes and sizes, and are one of the most important groups of organisms on our planet. Biology - Ecosystems - Learning Points. Algae produce more oxygen than all...
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Water Forces
The unique force created by hydrogen bonding gives water some unique properties, which seem to defy the laws of nature. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Hydrogen bonding is a special force of attraction between water...
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Types of Weather: Rain
Rain is essential to our planet. Without it, all life on Earth would struggle to survive. How do rain clouds form and what determines whether it rains or not? Earth Science - Weather - Learning Points. Rainfall comes from the clouds...
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Esters and Perfumes
Esters occur in nature and have been harnessed by the perfume industry. What are esters and how are they made and used? Chemistry - Chemical Industries - Learning Points. Esters give many fruits their scents, including bananas, lavender...
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What is a Cell? - Life’s Building Blocks
Every living thing on our planet, from plants to animals, is made up of cells. Cells are the building blocks of life, but what are they and how do they work? Biology - Cells And DNA - Learning Points. All cells have vital genetic...