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What is air?
You may not think about it much, but air is everywhere and it is essential to life. Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Characteristics of air Learning Points Air is a mixture of gases including nitrogen and oxygen. Air...
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Smog - Air Pollution
Find out how harmful gases in the air can react together to create smog ... a form of air pollution. People and places - Human impact on the environment - Polluting the air Learning Points Smog is a mixture of harmful gases that react...
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The Heart - Circulatory System
Explanation of the circulatory system. Life processes - Body systems - The circulatory system Learning Points The heart is a strong muscle that pumps blood throughout the body. Arteries and veins carry blood around the body. A Twig...
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Follow a human breath
Follow the journey of a human breath. Life processes - Body systems - The respiratory system Learning Points As we inhale, air travels down the trachea to the lungs. Oxygen in the lungs passes through bronchioles and air sacs into the...
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What is burning?
What are the three factors needed to make something burn? Material processes - Changing materials - Burning Learning Points Burning is a chemical reaction. Burning requires oxygen, a fuel source and heat. An exothermic reaction releases...
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Mudskippers
Meet the very unusual mudskipper fish – it can walk on land! Life processes - Living processes - Living things Learning Points All living things react to their environment. All living things reproduce. All living things need nutrition...
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Germination - Seed Growth
Learn all about plant germination and the conditions that can affect its success. Life processes - Green plants - Plant growth Learning Points Germination is when a seed starts to grow into a new plant. Water, oxygen and the right...
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How does a fish breathe?
Find out how fish breathe underwater. Life processes - Body systems - The respiratory system Learning Points Every animal needs oxygen to survive. Fish have gills that absorb oxygen from water. A Twig Context Film. Reinforce and extend...
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Heart transplant
The story of one man's life-saving heart transplant operation. Life processes - Body systems - The circulatory system Learning Points If the heart stops working oxygenated blood won't move around the body. Each heart beat pumps five...
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Body systems
Find out how our body systems are interrelated. Life processes - Body systems - The brain and body Learning Points Respiration is the processing of oxygen in cells to produce energy and carbon dioxide. A Twig Curriculum Film. Delivering...
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Giant redwoods
The tallest trees on Earth have an amazing system to circulate water and nutrients. Life processes - Green plants - Parts of a plant Learning Points Leaves absorb sunlight. Root hairs absorb water and nutrients. Trunk transport water and...
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Photosynthesis
Plants have the amazing ability to make their own food, but how do they do it? Life processes - Green plants - Plant uses Learning Points Leaves contain chlorophyll that absorbs light energy from the Sun. Green plants make their own food...
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What every animal needs
All animals have the same basic needs. Find out what they are. Life processes - Humans and other animals - Humans' and other animals' needs Learning Points Humans and other animals all need food, water, oxygen and shelter. The level of...
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VSEPR Theory: Learn Molecular Geometry Fast - Chemistry Study Guide
Struggling with VSEPR theory and molecular geometry? This video simplifies the concepts you need to master these essential chemistry topics. Learn how to draw Lewis structures with the correct geometry, understand bond angles, and...
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Master Bond Dipoles in Minutes - Chemistry Made Simple
In this video, you'll master bond dipoles in minutes – Chemistry Made Simple! 🌟 Dive into the fascinating world of bond dipoles and learn how to identify these crucial elements in various molecules. Understanding bond dipoles is...
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3 Intermolecular Forces You Must Know to PASS Chemistry
Understanding Intermolecular Forces (IMFs) is essential to success in chemistry and being able to discuss various properties we see in different molecules. In this video we cover the big three IMFs - hydrogen bonding, dipole dipole...
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Thailand soccer team Tham Luang cave rescue
Learn about a current event, the rescue of the soccer team in the Tham Luang Thailand caves; and the brave divers who gave their all to bring the boys to safety.
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Rainforests for Kids
Learn about the wonderful world of rainforests, how rainforests work, and why they are important.
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Rules for Writing Resonating Structures: Get Them Right!
When writing resonance structures, it's essential to follow certain rules: only electrons move, not atoms; all structures must have valid bonding; and charges should be minimized. These guidelines ensure resonance structures accurately...
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Electron Withdrawal (-M): The Nitrobenzene Effect
The -M effect involves electron withdrawal through resonance. In nitrobenzene, the nitro group pulls electron density away from the benzene ring, decreasing electron density and making the ring less reactive in electrophilic substitution...
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Mesomeric Effect (+M): How Phenol Releases Electrons
The +M effect refers to electron donation through resonance, as seen in phenol where the hydroxyl group donates electrons into the benzene ring. This increases electron density in the ring and impacts reactivity and acidity
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Conditions for Resonance: Why Acetamide and Carbonate Matter
Resonance requires specific conditions for electron delocalization. The molecule must have a conjugated system with alternating single and double bonds, and atoms must be capable of sharing electrons. Acetamide and the carbonate ion are...
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Inductive Effect Consequences: How Molecules React!
The inductive effect can drastically alter how molecules behave in reactions. Electron-withdrawing groups can increase a molecule’s electrophilicity, making it more likely to accept electrons in a reaction. Conversely, electron-donating...
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A Blood Flow Christmas Carol: How Blood Flows Through the Heart
If you want to learn how blood flows through the heart, but in a jolly way, check out this rendition of "A Blood Flow Christmas Carol". You'll learn about everything from the vena cavas, the atria and ventricles, plus some added details...