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Energy Change of Reactions
Some reactions take in energy and some release energy. Why? And what are some common examples of each type of reaction? Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points. An energy change occurs when reactions take place. Exothermic reactions...
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Acids and Alkalis: Part 1
The properties of strong acids and alkalis can be extremely harmful. Where do we find them, and how can we tell how acidic or alkaline a substance is? Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points. Bases neutralise acids, and if a base...
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Flame Colours and Fireworks
Exploring the science behind fireworks, discover how different elements are used to produce different colours of fireworks. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. In the mid-19th century the inventor if the Bunsen burner,...
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Alkali Metals
Witness the exciting reactions that occur when alkali metals come into contact with other substances. What does this tell us about their properties? Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. The alkali metals make up Group 1 of the...
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Reactivity Series: Comparing the Reactivity of Group 1 and Group 2 Metals
We compare the reactivity of Group 1 and Group 2 metals. We add sodium and then potassium to water. We observe the reactions. Next we add magnesium and then calcium to hydrochloric acid and observe the reactions. The results let us put...
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Filtration and Evaporation
We use filtration and evaporation to separate out a mixture of water, sand and salt. The sand is removed using filtration, as it did not dissolve in the water. The remaining solution is heated until the water evaporates, leaving behind...
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Flame Test
We use a Bunsen burner to burn different chemical salts to see how the flame colour changes. This shows that sodium burns with a yellow flame, lithium burns with a red flame, barium burns with a yellow-green flame and copper burns with a...
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Ionic Bonding
How metals and non-metals combine to form compounds with unique and very different properties. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. An electrically charged atom is called an ion. Ionic bonds are very strong. Ions are formed...
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Atomic Structure
What does the Periodic Table tell us about the elements, their properties and behaviours? And why does the atomic number define each element? Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. The structure of the atom reveals why the...
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Natural Versus Artificial
Are all artificial chemicals bad for our health? Revealing the health implications of natural and artificial chemicals, and the natural chemicals which can be deadly. Chemistry - Chemical Industries - Learning Points. All matter consists...
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Salt: Salt and Ice
Salt is routinely used to melt snow and ice on winter roads. But what is happening at the molecular level to cause this helpful change of state? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. When salt is added to water it lowers the...
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Hydroxide
Refers to the hydroxide ion, which is a negative ion consisting of an oxygen atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise...
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More chemical reactions – What happens next?
Sodium is heated and added to a flask containing chlorine ... what happens next? Material processes - Changing materials - More chemical reactions A Twig Tidbit Film - What happens next? A short section of film is played and the children...
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How to Make a Chemical Traffic Light
How fun is this chemical traffic light experiment!? Liquid changes colour from green to red and later to yellow. The best part is it is repeatable. Just shake the bottle to start again. For this experiment you would need: - Dye called...
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Single Replacement Chemical Reactions Explained
Learn all about single replacement chemical reactions. We'll break down the process and give examples to help you understand this important topic. Perfect for studying for your chemistry test or just brushing up on your knowledge.
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The ONE trick to naming Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions in Chemistry!
A polyatomic ion is an ion that is made up of multiple elements. Whenever we have a polyatomic ion present, we are not going to change the name at all. The name of the polyatomic ion will stay just as it is. So when we look at the ionic...
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Electronegativity Periodic Trend - Using the Periodic Table to help determine electronegativity!
Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to gain an electron. The way I think about it is like tug of war. The stronger an atom can pull in an electron, the higher it’s electronegativity will be. The trend for electronegativity is...
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Periodic Trend - Atomic Size (Radius) Explained!
The periodic trend for atomic size is that the size of the atom gets bigger as you go down the periodic table and from right to left across the periodic table. This trend is sometimes referred to as atomic radius as there is a direct...
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GCSE Chemistry - Conservation of Mass #26
Whether we look at the mass, Mr or number of atoms, the mass is always conserved in chemical reactions. However, it may sometimes appear as if the mass changes if some of our reactants or products are gases. We can fix this problem...
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GCSE Chemistry - Electron Arrangement #8
This video covers: 0:43 - The number of electrons per energy level 4:24 - why atoms react / why they lose or gain electrons This video is suitable for: - All tiers - All exam boards - Triple and combined science
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GCSE Chemistry - Electrolysis Part 3 - Aqueous Solutions #42
In this video we cover: - How the electrolysis of soluble compounds works - The rules to find out which ions are discharge at each electrode - Electrolysis of aqueous copper sulfate - Electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride This video is...
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GCSE Chemistry - Differences Between Compounds, Molecules & Mixtures #3
This video covers: 0:21 - What a molecule is 1:11 - What a compound is 3:11 - How to use brackets in a chemical formula 4:48 - What a mixture is This video is suitable for: - All tiers - All exam boards - Triple and combined science
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GCSE Chemistry - What is a Limiting Reactant? Limiting/Excess Reactants Explained #27
Limiting and Excess Reactants Explained. Often, in chemical reactions there will be less of one reactant that the other - we call this one the limiting reactant because how much reaction can take place. Whereas the more abundant reactant...