Corals all over the world are threatened by warming ocean temperatures. But 30 years of data show that reefs off the Florida Keys could protect themselves from rising temperatures if they weren’t also dealing with nutrient pollution...

What's happening over and under Pluto's fascinating surface.

Making liquid nitrogen is hard - in fact up until 150 years ago scientists doubted whether it was even possible to liquefy nitrogen. In 1823, At the royal institution in London, Michael Faraday first produced liquid chlorine, kind of...

Formal Charge Made Simple: A Guide to Molecular Stability Formal charge is a bookkeeping tool used to estimate the charge distribution within a molecule. It is calculated by comparing the number of valence electrons in an atom's free...

In this topic, we explore how to draw and interpret the Lewis structures of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), two important molecules in chemistry. CO₂ features a linear structure with double bonds between carbon and...

Molecules like PF5, SF₆ defy the octet rule, with expanded valence shells or unpaired electrons, arising from the availability of d-orbitals or radical stability

Red Sprites, Blue Jets, Gigantic Jets and Elves!

Rancidity refers to the complete or incomplete hydrolysis or oxidation of fats and oils when exposed to air, light, moisture, and bacterial activity; this generally occurs in food items, making them undesirable for consumption. In more...

Refers to molecules that contain only two atoms.
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Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films...

A substance that is not readily ignited or rapidly burned is said to be non-flammable.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual...

The process by which nitrate compounds in the soil are converted to free nitrogen in the atmosphere.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and...

A layer of gas surrounding a planet or star, held in place by gravity.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig...

Also known as the Northern or Southern Lights. Natural displays of light in the polar regions, clearly visible in the night sky.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds...

Discover the Earth's atmosphere: what it is and what it is made of?
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Chemistry - Periodic Table - L
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Open a discussion on what has been already learnt in a...

Revealing the elements which make up the human body, and their relative abundance.
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Chemistry - Periodic Table - L
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rning Points.
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Open a discussion on what has been already...

Amazing facts about digestive organs. Find out what they are, how they work, and how some animals' are different.
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Biology - Human Body - L
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The non-metal elements are found to the right of the Periodic Table.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig...

A unique combination of sunspots, solar flares and magnetic fields combine to create a visual spectacle on Earth. But what are the forces at work? Physics - Our Solar System - Learning Points. Natural light displays known as Aurora...

The atmospheric composition of the sky affects the colours we see. From blue horizons to red sunsets, why do we see colours the way we do? Physics - Our Solar System - Learning Points. Light is made up of different wavelengths. Our...

The air we breathe is made up of a mixture of gases. Discover the invisible forces of gas at work around us. Physics - Forces - Learning Points. The air we breathe is made up of gases including nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The...

Find out why nitrogen is essential for life. Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. Nitrogen is found inside every organism on Earth. Nitrogen gas is very unreactive. Nitrogen gas is used as a food preservative. A Twig Context...

Where does Venus fit into the Solar System and what makes this planet unique? Physics - Our Solar System - Learning Points. Venus is Earth's closest neighbour. Venus is the hottest planet in our Solar System. Venus spins in the opposite...

Our Sun is a medium sized star, which creates the perfect conditions for life on Earth. What happens on the Sun and how do stars, including the Sun, live and die?



Physics - Our Solar System - Learni

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Nitrogen is integral to the production of protein and DNA. Discover how it is present on Earth in a constant cycle, and how nitrogen from the air enters the food chain. Biology - Ecosystems - Learning Points. The nitrogen cycle describes...