Discover what lies beneath the sand in deserts. Contrary to popular belief, 80% of deserts are not covered in sand, but rather bare earth, revealing the bedrock and clay of a dried-out ecosystem. Learn about the unique erosion patterns...

Learn from a grape grower about the crucial link between soil health and public health. Discover how embracing a balanced approach to soil chemistry, biology, and physics can lead to better food quality and improved health outcomes.

Our modern diet is rife with specific dietary deficiencies. This explores just 5 discrepancies between our diet, and that of our primal ancestors. Fig Leaf Rag Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By...

For decades we’ve been planting trees in hopes of reducing carbon pollution. But when it comes to carbon sequestration, have we actually been getting it all backward? We travel to the Pacific Northwest forests of Oregon to see what we...

Water that fills spaces in porous rocks, sediments and soil, below the level of the water table.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise...

The process by which nitrate compounds in the soil are converted to free nitrogen in the atmosphere.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and...

The uppermost 5 to 20cm of soil, with a high concentration of organic matter and microorganisms, where almost all of the biological activity in soil takes place.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific...

Flat land around a river or stream that is prone to occasional or frequent flooding.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual...

The use of energy to move particles across a cell membrane from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning...

The vaporisation of a liquid that takes place at its surface, as molecules with more energy change from a liquid to gas.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using...

The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical and chemical processes at the Earth's surface.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and...

Different beetles flourish in different climates. British researchers have used this knowledge to dig into climate change history. Earth Science - Human Impacts - Learning Points. Climate proxies, such as tree rings or dead beetles, can...

How does a tall tree draw water from its roots to its leaves? And how does food made in leaves reach the rest of a plant? Discover how plants transport resources via the xylem and phloem. Biology - Plants - Learning Points. Transpiration...

Plants produce oxygen and provide our food, but what do they need to live? Learn why nitrates, phosphates, potassium and magnesium are vital for plant health. Biology - Plants - Learning Points. Understanding how plants grow ensures we...

Californian redwoods are some of the oldest and largest living organisms on the planet. How do they grow so tall and why are they under threat? Biology - Ecosystems - Learning Points. The coniferous forests on the pacific coast of North...

Discover how the destruction of the rainforest impacts ecosystems, and begins a cycle that contributes to global warming. Earth Science - Human Impacts - Learning Points. Forests are home to 70% of Earth's land animals and plants....

Nitrogen is integral to the production of protein and DNA. Discover how it is present on Earth in a constant cycle, and how nitrogen from the air enters the food chain. Biology - Ecosystems - Learning Points. The nitrogen cycle describes...

How does land get polluted, and what with? Discover the quantities of waste deposited in landfills each year, and just how much could be recycled. Earth Science - Human Impacts - Learning Points. Landfills are holes in the ground where...

Discover the chemical processes occurring deep within the Earth that create beautiful crystal structures in caves. Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points. Caves are a result of rainwater slowly carving away rock. Carbonic acid forms in...

Scientists hoped the first mission to Mars would reveal life on the red planet. What did the mission find? Physics - Universe - Learning Points. Percival Lowell believed there were canals and cities on Mars. In 1965, NASA probe Mariner 4...

Find out how remarkable adaptations allow the spinifex plant to thrive in the desert. Biology - Plants - Learning Points. Root hairs are specially adapted to suit their role. Root hairs increase the surface area of the roots for...

Potassium nitrate is a natural substance found in your food, or in an exploding firework. What makes it so versatile? Chemistry - Chemical Industries - Learning Points. Potassium nitrate preserves our food and is a component of...

Discover how climate, water, soil, plants and animals function as one and depend on each other in distinct ecosystems, which can range from a pond to an ocean, a tree to a vast forest. Biology - Ecosystems - Learning Points. An ecosystem...

Find out what animals and plants do to survive in Earth's coldest biome. Biology - Ecosystems - Learning Points. The tundra is Earth's coldest biome. The Arctic tundra is found near the North Pole. The alpine tundra is found around the...