In this video Paul Andersen details the waves in electromagnetic radiation. There is an inverse relation between the wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic radiation includes gamma rays, x-rays, infrared...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how electrochemical reactions can separate the reduction and oxidation portions of a redox reactions to generate (or consume) electricity. The half reactions can be analyzed to determine the potential...

The equator is a clear and accurate line around Earth that makes measuring latitude a precise science, but when it came to figuring out how to do that with longitude, British sailors were at a loss. Until they devised a competition.

Gases are everywhere, and this is good news and bad news for chemists. The good news: when they are behaving themselves, it's extremely easy to describe their behavior theoretically, experimentally and mathematically. The bad news is...

If you’re trying to figure out where to plan on sheltering during the zombie apocalypse, it’s essential to know whether zombies sink or float!

Population ecology is the study of groups within a species that interact mostly with each other, and it examines how they live together in one geographic area to understand why these populations are different in one time and place than...

Paul Andersen starts by defining transpiration as evaporation off of a leaf. He then describes how a potometer can be used to measure the rate of transpiration in different environments.

This week, Hank elaborates on why Fugu can kill you by illustrating the ideas of solutions and discussing molarity, molality, and mass percent. Also, why polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar...

Squeaks is getting ready to head back to school and he couldn’t be more excited! To make sure he’s all set for the first day, he and Jessi are watching some videos so he goes in confident and prepared!

Is there extraterrestrial life in our solar system? Or are we alone? Take a journey to the ocean worlds on Jupiter and Saturn to investigate the possibility. -- Deep in our solar system, a new era of exploration is unfolding. Beneath the...

Population III stars were the very first stars in our universe and far larger than any we can see today. Where are they now?

Scientists tend to be careful and resistant to big claims. So evidence for the possible end of the living world took a while to be seen as such. In this episode of Crash Course History of Science, Hank talks to us about where Climate...

Paul Andersen explains how physical systems remain stable and unstable over time. The sum total of interactions acting on the system determine its stability. Feedback loops are used to maintain stability but require energy. If the energy...

Paul Andersen explains three major nuclear processes; fusion, fission, and decay. He begins with a brief discussion of the four fundamental forces in nature. He the explains how nuclei can be combined in fusion, divided through fission,...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how covalent network solids form elementally (like graphite) or by combining multiple nonmetals (like quartz). Covalent network solids contain elements from the carbon group because they have four...

Today Hank brings us the news of a unique astronomical discovery - a rogue planet. He also allays our fears of an apocalyptic collision with Earth. So, this new planet is awesome, but it needs a different name - CFBDSIR...

Settle in for a smörgåsbord of brain facts.

How the heck do we map out a planet without oceans? NASA had to figure that out when we sent the Mariner 9 probe to Mars. There's some tricky, yet fascinating science behind all of it! In this episode of Crash Course Physics, Shini talks...

Today's episode dives into the HOW of enthalpy. How we calculate it, and how we determine it experimentally...even if our determinations here at Crash Course Chemistry are somewhat shoddy. -- Table of Contents Hess' Law 2:30 Calorimeter...

How does heat affect airplanes? Turns out heat, speed and density connect to create dangerous situations.

In this video Paul Andersen shows how carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is causing a decrease in the pH of the oceans. The carbon dioxide combines with the water to create carbonic acid which dissociates into bicarbonate and carbonate...

No offense to that rock you may have on your finger, but these gems and minerals are so hard to find, they put most diamonds to shame.

In this video Paul Andersen describes both weather and climate. Weather is the day-to-day conditions on the Earth's surface, including temperature, wind, humidity, air pressure, and precipitation. Climate are the long term conditions on...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how chemical reactions progress as bonds are broken and reformed reformed. He explains the difference between changes in state and changes in molecules. He discussed collision theory and explains why...