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Crude oil
A naturally occurring thick brown liquid, composed of a mix of hydrocarbons, and usually found deep underground. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual...
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Photosynthesis: Converting Sunlight into Chemical Energy
The process that plants use to convert energy from the Sun into chemical energy. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary...
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Food Chain - Energy Flow in Ecosystems
A food chain simply states which organisms consume each other, and shows how energy moves through living things in an ecosystem. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and...
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Parts of the Plant: Leaves
Why are leaves commonly flat, spongy and strikingly green? Discover the different parts of a leaf and their function. Biology - Plants - Learning Points. A leaf is made of many layers sandwiched between tough outer layers. Gases enter...
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Factpack: Power of Plants
Plants can offer amazing medical cures - even the poisonous ones. Biology - Plants - Learning Points. A Twig FactPack Film. Open a discussion on what has been already learnt in a topic, or use to grab attention at the start of a learning...
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Factpack: Classification
Discover the systematic grouping of organisms according to the structural or evolutionary relationships among them. Biology - Adaptation And Evolution - Learning Points. A Twig FactPack Film. Open a discussion on what has been already...
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The Elements: Potassium
Potassium is one of the most unpredictable elements, a soft metal that is essential to life. Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. Potassium is a soft metal. In our bodies potassium compounds help keep us healthy. Potassium...
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Plant Transport
How does a tall tree draw water from its roots to its leaves? And how does food made in leaves reach the rest of a plant? Discover how plants transport resources via the xylem and phloem. Biology - Plants - Learning Points. Transpiration...
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Carbon Capture: Artificial Trees
Artificial trees: what are they? How do they work? And how could they help to prevent climate change in the future? Human Geography - A Changing World - Learning Points. The rate of climate change is increasing because of the increasing...
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Abiotic Factors in Ecosystems
What happens when non-living factors in an ecosystem are altered, such as rainfall or air quality? Biology - Ecosystems - Learning Points. An ecosystem is a living system interacting with its physical habitat. Changes in biotic and...
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What Plants Need to Grow
Plants produce oxygen and provide our food, but what do they need to live? Learn why nitrates, phosphates, potassium and magnesium are vital for plant health. Biology - Plants - Learning Points. Understanding how plants grow ensures we...
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Carnivorous Plants
Not all plants exist simply on sunlight and water. Carnivorous plants eat meat. Discover how some of these carnivores trap and kill their prey. Biology - Plants - Learning Points. Some plants, often in harsh conditions, have adapted to...
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Bioaccumulation in Food Chains
Investigating why peregrine falcon populations are threatened by pollution from industry thousands of kilometres away. Biology - Ecosystems - Learning Points. The peregrine falcon lives remotely but is affected by man-made chemicals....
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Parasitic Plants
Different species of parasitic plants steal nutrients from host species in order to survive. Sometimes this ends in the death of the host. Biology - Plants - Learning Points. Parasitic plants derive some or all of their nutrients from...
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Invading Plant Species
Ecosystems are finely balanced environments. The introduction of 'invader' plant species can be disastrous for biodiversity. Biology - Ecosystems - Learning Points. Protecting diverse delicate habitats from invading species is difficult....
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Defensive Plants - Plant Protections
Plants have developed an array of chemical, mechanical and mimicry methods to fight off predators, meaning that they are not as defenceless as they seem. Biology - Plants - Learning Points. Plants have evolved defence mechanisms to ward...
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Asexual Reproduction in Plants
Some plants don't need both a male and female to reproduce - they can do it alone. Which plants can do this and how do they manage it? Biology - Plants - Learning Points. Plants use a variety of methods to reproduce. Methods include...
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Deforestation
Discover how the destruction of the rainforest impacts ecosystems, and begins a cycle that contributes to global warming. Earth Science - Human Impacts - Learning Points. Forests are home to 70% of Earth's land animals and plants....
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The Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen is integral to the production of protein and DNA. Discover how it is present on Earth in a constant cycle, and how nitrogen from the air enters the food chain. Biology - Ecosystems - Learning Points. The nitrogen cycle describes...
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Adaptation - Survival Traits
Examples of physical and behavioural adaptations which allow plants and animals to survive in some of the most challenging habitats on Earth. Biology - Adaptation And Evolution - Learning Points. Animals and plants survive in diverse...
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Fossil Evidence
Studying fossil evidence reveals how organisms have changed over time. What are fossils and how are they formed? Biology - Adaptation And Evolution - Learning Points. Fossil hunters are called paleontologists. Paleontologists study...
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Plants in Extreme Environments
To survive, plants have developed adaptations to regulate temperature and water, and maximise the capture of sunlight. Some plants have even evolved to survive in extreme environments of hot deserts and Polar regions. Biology - Plants -...
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Making a Star on Earth
Large-scale nuclear fusion is one of the ultimate goals of science which has yet to be achieved. How does nuclear fusion work and is a future likely in which we can reproduce the power of a star on Earth? Earth Science - Earth's...
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Why Do Leaves Change Colour?
Throughout the year, some leaves change colour from green, to yellow, to red. Discover the role chlorophyll, carotene and anthocynanin pigments play in making this happen. Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points. Leaf colour depends on...