The deepest hole we've ever been able to dig is just 0.2 percent of the way to the center of the Earth. What would we encounter if we could drill all the way?



Correction: We mislabeled these! These are ammonite fossils, not...

In some places, the rocks below the Great Unconformity are about 1.2 billion years older than those above it. This missing chapter in Earth’s history might be linked to a fracturing supercontinent, out-of-control glaciers, and maybe the...

Lots of geological forces need to come together for continents to form, but they all require one ingredient: water.

For the last hundred and fifty years or so, geologists have been trying to wrap their heads around the mystery: in some places, the geologic record just seems to jump by over billion years. And last week, a paper was published that may...

Have you ever wondered how our earth was created? Here is a brief history about the Earth.

Mountains may look like they've all been stagnant for thousands of years, but the life cycle of a mountain is actually quite fascinating. From mountain ranges in space, to why Earth isn’t a water-world, here are some videos exploring the...

From towering mountains to pebbles along a river, the Earth is made of a huge variety of rocks. In today's episode, we're going to follow the rock cycle of a piece of granite in the Himalayan mountains, and as you'll see, every rock has...

If you've ever been to, or lived in, or even flown over the central swath of North America, then you've seen the remnants of what was a uniquely fascinating environment. Scientists call it the Western Interior Seaway, and at its greatest...

You need it, you love it, you probably live on it: it's land! But have you ever thought about where land even comes from?

Earth’s outer shell is made of two materials whose different densities and thicknesses give rise to two distinct “levels” on the planet’s surface.



Watch our new show Paradigms (U.S....

The story of Atlantis, a mythological continent that vanished into the sea after its inhabitants displeased the gods, has fascinated people for thousands of years. However, the idea of a whole continent sinking into the ocean may be more...

Phil starts the planet-by-planet tour of the solar system right here at home, Earth.

The supercontinent Pangaea, with its connected South America and Africa, broke apart 200 million years ago. But the continents haven't stopped shifting -- the tectonic plates beneath our feet (in Earth's two top layers, the lithosphere...

Why do Africa and South America fit together? Anyone who's ever looked at a map can see that Earth's continents are kind of like a jigsaw puzzle. The idea that continents are constantly moving and weren't always in their current spots is...

It’s easy to discount the history and evolution of mountains on our jagged world, but they really hold an immense amount of information about history within them. From mountain ranges in space, to why Earth isn’t a waterworld, here are...

Have you ever wondered how our earth was created? Here is a brief history about the Earth.

The study of natural history is the study of how the world has changed but Earth itself is in a constant state of flux -- because the ground beneath your feet is always moving. So if we want to know how we got here, we have to understand...

Mr. Andersen describes how plate tectonics shapes our planet. Continental and oceanic platers are contrasted and major plate boundaries are discussed.

The surface layer of a rocky planet or other astronomical body, usually chemically distinct from the mantle beneath it.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using...

The uppermost layer of the Earth that forms the continents and coastal sea floor, sitting on top of a layer of denser rock called the mantle.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60...

The uppermost solid layer of the Earth beneath the oceans. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films reinforce...

It's time to talk about everyone's favorite geological feature, volcanoes! What are these things? Why do they erupt? What are the different types of volcanoes? How do they form? What happens to their lava? Let's learn about all of these...

We just learned about plate tectonics, so let's see how that fits into a global-scale model for the formation and destruction of supercontinents called the Wilson Cycle. How do supercontinents like Pangea form and split up? It's an...

Before taking a deep dive into the geology of the ocean's layers, let's review the basics of ocean life. What are the different sections of the ocean? What types of creatures live in each region?



Composition of Oceanic Crust...