Curated Video
Sodium Chloride Story: The Birth of an Ionic Bond
NaCl forms when sodium transfers an electron to chlorine, creating Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions that attract each other to form a stable ionic lattice.
Curated Video
The Nature of Chemical Bonds: How Electronegativity Shapes Them
Electronegativity differences between atoms determine the type of bond: ionic bonds form when the difference is large, while covalent bonds form with similar electronegativity.
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Kossel-Lewis Theory: The Foundations of Chemical Bonding
The Kossel-Lewis approach introduced the concept of ionic and covalent bonds. It emphasizes the role of electron transfer or sharing between atoms to achieve noble gas configurations
Science ABC
What Are Valence Electrons And How To Find Them?
Valence electrons are the electrons that are located in the outermost shell of an atom. In other words, these are the electrons that can be gained or lost during a chemical reaction. In order to determine the number of valence electrons...
Science ABC
What Are The Different Atomic Models? Dalton, Rutherford, Bohr and Heisenberg Models Explained
Atomic Models: Centuries ago, people didn’t know exactly what was inside an atom, but they had some “ideas”. Around 400 BC, a Greek philosopher named Democritus came up with a theory that everything in the world was made of tiny...
Science ABC
Photosynthesis: The Biochemistry Behind How Plants Make Their Food
Plants, unlike most living things, produce their own food through a process called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis means 'making using light'. Plants use the energy from the sunlight to make food. The food matter comes from carbon dioxide...
Science ABC
Photoelectric Effect Explained in Simple Words for Beginners
Photoelectric effect occurs when electromagnetic radiation above the threshold frequency of the given metallic surface, strikes the surface and releases electrons from it. This happens because light is made of massless particles called...
Science ABC
Cellular Respiration: How Do Cells Get Energy?
Cellular respiration is the process through which the cell generates energy, in the form of ATP, using food and oxygen. The is a multistep biochemical process where food, primarily the carbohydrate glucose, is broken down to produce...
Science ABC
Can You Make Water in a Lab?
It is not as easy to manufacture water as it appears. Combining hydrogen and oxygen atoms—the two constituents of water—releases tremendous energy. When combined chemically, these highly flammable gases produce large explosions, as...
Science ABC
What Is The Smallest Particle We Know?
We have built beautiful particle accelerators in the search for particles that are even more elementary than electrons, protons, and neutrons. The accelerators smash subatomic particles at enormous speeds, which causes them to shatter...
Science ABC
Quantum Entanglement: Explained in REALLY SIMPLE Words
Quantum entanglement is a physical resource, like energy, that is possible between quantum systems. When a coin spins on a flat surface, its in a state of superposition between its two faceshead and tails. Similarly, electrons in their...
Science ABC
What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle: Explained in Simple Words
Heisenbergs uncertainty principle says that if we know everything about where a particle is located, we know nothing about its momentum. Conversely, if we know everything about its momentum, then we know nothing about where the particle...
Curated Video
Why does chemistry happen?! Element Stability and the Octet Rule!
Why does chemistry happen?? Why do ions form?? Why do elements bond together?? These are all important questions and the answer comes back to one very important principle in chemistry and that is element stability. Elements are stable...
Curated Video
Neutron
Particles found in the nuclei of atoms, which have a similar mass to a proton, but no electric charge. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions....
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Electron
The tiny particles within all atoms that carry a negative electric charge. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films...
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Electron shell
An orbit around the nucleus of an atom that can be occupied by one or more electrons. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science...
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Ionisation
The process of stripping electrons from, or adding them to, atoms or molecules to produce charged ions. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions....
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Emission
The release of electromagnetic radiation, often in the form of light, from an atom or molecule. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig...
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Reduction
Any chemical reaction in which oxygen is removed from a substance. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films reinforce...
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Aurora
Also known as the Northern or Southern Lights. Natural displays of light in the polar regions, clearly visible in the night sky. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and...
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How Do Lasers Work?
Concentrated light can be incredibly powerful and useful. Learn how laser beams are produced by controlling how atoms emit photons of light. Physics - Waves - Learning Points. Lasers are photons of the same frequency going in the same...
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Waves in Medicine
The properties of high frequency electromagnetic radiation are incredibly important in the world of medicine, allowing physicians to look inside the human body and even combat cancer. Physics - Waves - Learning Points. X-rays and gamma...
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Atom Structure: Electron Shells
Learn why electron shells are responsible for the properties of elements, and whether they are stable or have violent reactions. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. An element's reactivity is determined by the number of...
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Alkali Metals
Witness the exciting reactions that occur when alkali metals come into contact with other substances. What does this tell us about their properties? Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. The alkali metals make up Group 1 of the...