Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: The Origins of Due Process Part 1
The roots of the ancient principle of due process of law are described.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: The Origins of Due Process Part 2
Due process of law has its roots in the Magna Carta but continues to evolve over time.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Procedural Due Process Part 3
As well as the guarantees of due process of law that are in the Constitution, state laws have certain provisions that protect due process rights.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Adversary Systems of Justice Part 1
An introduction to adversary systems of justice, such as that in the United States.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Adversary Systems of Justice Part 2
In an adversary system of justice, the burden of proof rests with the prosecution.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Adversary Systems of Justice Part 3
Discusses the fairness that is built into an adversary system of justice.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Inquisitorial System of Justice Part 1
An introduction to the inquisitorial system of justice, which most European countries have.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Changing State Constitutions
Examines how state constitutions have changed over the years.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Inquisitorial System of Justice Part 3
Examination of the inquisitorial system of justice and how it compares to an adversial system.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Inquisitorial System of Justice Part 4
Looks at opinions, positive and negative, sbout the inquisitorial system of justice.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Fundamental Rights Part 1
The Supreme Court plays a crucial role in the protection of fundamental rights, but it is not always easy to identify which ones are fundamental.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Fundamental Rights Part 2
The Supreme Court's ideas about fundamental rights have evolved over time, and their efforts to identify fundamental rights continue.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Fundamental Rights Part 3
The Supreme Court has identified many fundamental rights, which directly impact laws that can be passed.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Incorporation Part 1
The Supreme Court was at first hesitant to apply the Fourteenth Amendment to protect individual rights and left this up to the states, as many had their own bill of rights.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Incorporation Part 2
The Supreme Court examined the due process clause in the Fourteenth Amendment in the case of Gitlow v. New York (1925), and recognized the right of free speech as a basic right.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Incorporation Part 3
Covers the basic facts of the Gitlow v. New York (1925) case in which the Supreme Court upheld the conviction, and established precedents governing freedom of speech and state law.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: State Constitutional Amendments
Discusses state constitutional amendments, and the different laws states may have, e.g., over the issue of same-sex marriage.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Incorporation Part 4
After the Gitlow v. New York (1925) case, the Supreme Court used the due process clause in the Fourteenth Amendment to examine how the Bill of Rights and the First Amendment applied to the states.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Incorporation Part 5
Covers the process of selective incorporation, where the Supreme Court examines rights on a case-by-case basis to determine if they are being protected.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Equal Protection of the Laws
An early Supreme Court decision in the case of Strauder v. West Virginia (1880) concluded that West Virginia violated the equal protection of the law rights in the Fourteenth Amendment.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Equal Protection of the Laws and Equality of Opportunity
Explains what equal protection of the laws means and how it is applied.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Jim Crow
Jim Crow laws were adopted by most Southern states after the end of Reconstruction.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Plessy v. Ferguson
The Supreme Court decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) permitted racial segregation so long as facilities were separate but equal. This type of segregation endured for nearly sixty years.
Center For Civic Education
60 Second Civics: Brown v. Board of Education
In the Brown v. Board of Education case, a father fought the issue of racial segregation in the schools. He lost and the case was appealed to the Supreme Court.