In this video Paul Andersen explains how classical waves (like light) can have particle properties. Albert Einsetein used the photoelectric effect to show how photons have particle properties.

DNA damage doesn't just happen in the summer, but does that really mean we should wear sunscreen in the cloudy and chilly months?

What was the 2012 Nobel Prize in physics given for? Capturing a single photon of light!

If you don't have any idea what antimatter is, you don't have to feel bad - the brightest minds in the world have only recently begun to understand what it is and how it works. Hank gives us the run down on what we know about antimatter,...

How does a laser really work? It's Bose - Einstein statistics! (photons are bosons)

In this video Paul Andersen explains how light travels in photons which can be described as both particles and waves. Einstein showed that photons can be described as particles using the photoelectric effect to show that the energy of a...

We'd like to know why you're staring at yourself in a spoon in the first place. But we can at least answer the question of why you look upside-down when you do.

The wave model of the electron can be used to explain the Bohr model. Electrons are found in certain orbits because they interfere with themselves and create standing waves. When the wavelengths don't match up with a whole integer they...

In this final segment on the four fundamental forces of physics, Hank tackles the magnetic force, the second of the two ways in which electromagnetism is apparent in the universe

Hank explains the extremely complex series of reactions whereby plants feed themselves on sunlight, carbon dioxide and water, and also create some by products we're pretty fond of as well.

When scientists are planning missions, they sometimes have to take into account the fact that the light from the Sun pushes on the spacecraft. But with solar sails, they can also use that pressure to propel the craft along.

In this video Paul Andersen explains how light can be treated as both a particle and a wave. Physicists use scale to determine which model to use when studying light. When the wavelength of light is equivalent to the size of the object...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how the photons emitted from or absorbed by an atom or nuclei is directly related to electrons moving between energy level. Absorption and emission are a direct result of the conservation of energy....

Hank reaches the fourth and final of the four fundamental interactions in physics: electromagnetism. In this part, he teaches us about the electrostatic force, which builds up a charge in an object and can travel in the form of an...

Discover the surprising connection between Star Wars and the invention of laser tag, a game loved worldwide.

In medicine, we use different types of lasers to fight cancer. In this video, we will learn everything about carbon dioxide (CO2), argon and neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers and how they are used to treat cancer in a...

De Broglie's equation, formulated by Louis de Broglie in 1924, introduces the concept of wave-particle duality, suggesting that all matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties. The equation is expressed as λ=h/p; λ is...

In part two of our series on Theory of Everything, we explain particle physics using string theory.

Heisenbergs uncertainty principle says that if we know everything about where a particle is located, we know nothing about its momentum. Conversely, if we know everything about its momentum, then we know nothing about where the particle...

A particle of light or other electromagnetic energy.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary...

The process in which an atom or molecule produces a photon of light when it undergoes a spontaneous transition from an excited state to a lower energy level.
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A Twig Science
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Key scientific terms...

Also known as the Northern or Southern Lights. Natural displays of light in the polar regions, clearly visible in the night sky.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds...

A fixed amount of energy absorbed or released in an exchange of energy, or the smallest unit of any entity involved in an interaction.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60...

The ingenious system to measure the distance to the Moon involving Apollo astronauts, lasers and a unique mirror system planted on the lunar surface. Physics - Our Solar System - Learning Points. In 1969, the Apollo 11 astronauts left an...