Water evaporates at room temperature because the molecules at the top of the liquid have less intermolecular attraction than those within the bulk. When the top layer is exposed to sunlight, some molecules gain enough kinetic energy to...

In materials science, the substrate is the surface on which a coating is deposited.
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The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule, usually expressed in atomic mass units.
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A set of well-defined lines within the electromagnetic spectrum, emitted by hot or excited matter.
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An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, and so has an electrical charge.
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Refers to molecules that contain only two atoms.
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To change the shape of a protein or amino acid molecule, disrupting its normal biological activity, but without changing it chemically.
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The release of electromagnetic radiation, often in the form of light, from an atom or molecule.
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Meaning water-loving, a hydrophilic substance is one that readily associates with water.
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Naturally occurring carboxylic acids with long, unbranched hydrocarbon chains.
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Or ribonucleic acid, is a nucleic acid, similar to DNA.
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Any chemical reaction in which oxygen is removed from a substance.
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A homogeneous mixture of more than one substance, with the different particles evenly distributed throughout.
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A formula that shows the actual numbers of atoms of each element in one molecule of a compound.
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A reaction in which two molecules join together while eliminating a smaller molecule, usually water.
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A molecule or fragment of a molecule that triggers an immune response, causing the body to produce specific antibodies against it.
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Definitions and examples of three distinct chemical classifications: elements, compounds and mixtures.
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A reaction in which one functional group in a molecule is replaced by another functional group.
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A formula that shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.
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A threadlike strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, and the functional units of inheritance.
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A substance that can protect against damage caused by free radicals.
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Hydrogen is a highly flammable element, with the potential to become a non-polluting alternative to gasoline. Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. Hydrogen is the element with the lowest density. Hydrogen is highly flammable and...

What is it in our blood that makes it red, and why are other animals different? Biology - Human Body - Learning Points. Haemoglobin is the most efficient oxygen carrier and provides the red pigment in blood. Not all animals have red...

Discover the role played by intermolecular forces in changing the state of matter between solid, liquid and gas. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces between molecules....