Curated Video
How Hot Is the Earth's Core?
Unreachable by man, scientists have developed a complex experiment to demonstrate the heat and pressure at the centre of the Earth. Earth Science - Geology - Learning Points. The Earth's core is a dense ball of iron and nickel. To...
Curated Video
Changing States of Matter
Water can either be a solid, a liquid or a gas. How does matter change state? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Ice, liquid water and steam all consist of exactly the same molecules. Evaporation occurs when the temperature...
Curated Video
Forensics: Chromatography
Find out how chromatography can be used to create the chemical 'colour fingerprint' of a substance. What are the two chromatography methods and how are they used to solve crimes? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points....
Curated Video
Structure of the Earth
The land surface of the Earth accounts for 1% of its total volume. Travel from the core to Earth's surface, examining the layers that make up our planet. Earth Science - Geology - Learning Points. The Earth is made up of four layers. The...
Curated Video
Intermolecular Forces
Discover the role played by intermolecular forces in changing the state of matter between solid, liquid and gas. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces between molecules....
Curated Video
Solutions
Why and how do substances dissolve? Discover what happens when you create a solution. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. A solution is the mixture formed when a solid dissolves in a liquid. A solvent is a liquid that can...
Curated Video
Solids, Liquids and Gases
What is the difference between solids, liquids and gases? How does each state behave? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. The kinetic theory of matter states that particles are in constant motion and there are forces of...
Curated Video
Electrolysis: Discovery, Process, and Industrial Applications
Electrolysis is fundamental to industrial processes. How was it discovered, how does it work and what are its uses? Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points. The Chemist Humphry Davy developed the reaction we now call electrolysis....
Curated Video
Shockwaves: The Damage Caused by Supersonic Speeds
Discover the damage caused by shockwaves and how they are created by supersonic speeds. Physics - Waves - Learning Points. Waves of high pressure are produced when something moves through a medium at supersonic speed. At supersonic...
Curated Video
Citrus Fruit Battery
We use lemons and strips of zinc and copper to make a battery. First, strips of copper and zinc are added to one lemon and they are connected across a voltmeter. This is repeated, this time with more lemons and metal plates, until a...
Curated Video
Making Slime
We make slime using borax, water and food colouring. The slime is a non-Newtonian liquid. A non-Newtonian liquid can behave like a liquid or a solid depending on the pressure applied to it. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning...
Curated Video
Dancing Polymer
We create a polymer using cornflour and water called oobleck. Oobleck is a non-Newtonian liquid that behaves like a solid and a liquid. When placed on a speaker, the vibrations cause the polymer to constantly change its behaviour and it...
Curated Video
Fire Extinguisher Sublimation
We release carbon dioxide from a fire extinguisher against a dark cloth to see what happens. The expanding gas cools as it leaves the extinguisher, forming a visible dry ice solid on the cloth. As it warms, the carbon dioxide vanishes...
Curated Video
The Halogens
Halogens are hazardous to human life, yet they can also be very useful. How do they react when they meet other elements? Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. The halogens are the elements in Group 7 of the periodic table. The...
Curated Video
Non-Newtonian Liquids
Introducing the liquids whose behaviours seem to defy the accepted states of matter. What are they and why don't they behave as we predict? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Newtonian liquids take the shape of their...
Curated Video
Core (Earth sciences)
The central, usually hottest and densest, part of a larger structure, for example a star, planet or galaxy. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual...
Curated Video
Supermarket solids and liquids
Take a trip to the supermarket to see the differences between solids and liquids. The world around us - Exploring materials - What is everything made of? Learning Points Things can be identified as solids or liquids. Solids keep their...
Curated Video
Ice festival
Water can exist as solid ice and liquid water. The world around us - Exploring materials - Freezing and melting Learning Points If liquid water cools to below 0°C, it will freeze into solid ice. If solid ice warms to above 0°C, it will...
Curated Video
Liquids – Did you know?
Did you know that mercury has a low melting point and is the only metal which is liquid at room temperature? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Liquids Learning Points Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room...
Curated Video
Changing properties
What chemical and physical changes are at play in cake baking. Material processes - Changing materials - More chemical reactions Learning Points Chemical changes are usually irreversible. Physical changes are usually reversible. Chemical...
Curated Video
The wonder of water
We use water every day ... but what do you really know about it? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Characteristics of water Learning Points Water is the only substance on Earth that occurs naturally in all three states....
Curated Video
Minerals
Discover the world of minerals and learn about their uses. Material processes - Classifying materials - Minerals Learning Points Minerals are naturally occurring substances with a unique chemical make-up. Minerals have many uses. The...
Curated Video
What is a solid?
What properties do solids, liquids and gases have? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Solids Learning Points Solids have a fixed shape that can only be changed by external force. Solids have a fixed volume. The molecules in...
Curated Video
The Earth's layers
Journey to the centre of the Earth. Physical processes -The Earth and beyond - The Earth's layers Learning Points The Earth is made up of four layers. The crust is divided into plates. The mantle is the thickest layer. The inner core is...