The 2004 tsunami off the coast of southern India unveiled massive underwater ruins near Mahabalipuram, stirring excitement about the potential discovery of the six legendary lost pagodas. Controversies soon began regarding the dating...

Divers working in the Halliburton Forest and Wildlife Reserve in Ontario, Canada recently discovered a submerged, manmade ancient stone structure. This structure is estimated to be 5,000 to 10,000 years old, sparking theories of a...

Robert Blake and Jane Mouton took the idea of task versus relationship focus and turned it into a full-blown model of five leadership styles: their Leadership Grid.

Charismatic leadership combines charm, interpersonal skills, and persuasiveness to motivate and influence others.

Transactional Leadership is the everyday leadership between a manager and colleague, officer and soldier, or any leader and their followers. It is the process of passing on a request or requirement and winning a commitment to meet it.

Is There An Atheist Personality Type? (Psychology of Atheism Part 2)

For my money, David McClelland gave us one of the most useful models of motivation, for use in the workplace. McClelland identified three motivational needs. Each of these allows us to motivate different people to do the same task,...

Rensis Likert studied different systems of management and the things that 'high-producing managers' do to achieve the results they get. His conclusions build a helpful model of motivation and how to get the best from the people who work...

Chris Argyris offers us a more sophisticated view of McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y model of motivation. His conclusion is that we need to treat people as adults.



Argyris put forward his ‘Immaturity-Maturity Theory’. This...

Edwin Locke was interested in the way goals and goal-setting motivate us in the workplace. People strive to achieve their goals. So, a worthwhile goal is intrinsically motivating.



On the face of it, the role of...

One of our most popular videos is the one about Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. As a result, people have asked me about Theory Z.



Theory Z, which was developed by William Ouchi, to describe the adoption of Japanese...

In the 1980s, the Dutch cultural psychologist Geert Hofstede returned to the study of culture, but focused on an analysis of organizational practices. The authors identified six cross-organizational dimensions that separate and define...

Max Weber was a professor of political economy at the University of Freiberg. But he is known as the ‘Father of Organizational Theory’.

Daniel Pink is not a researcher or a manager: he’s an author. But his assessment of modern research and motivation theories in his book, Drive ( is valuable. He gives...

Victor Vroom offers us a powerful process model of motivation: expectancy Theory. It's less well-known than it should be. Expectancy Theory won't tell you what motivates people. Bt it will tell you why motivation sometimes works, and why...

Douglas McGregor offers us two theories for the price of one: Theory X and Theory Y. But, in truth, they largely represent two ends of a spectrum of approaches to management and motivation. They are the logical development of the work...

Abraham Maslow' Hierarchy of Needs is possibly the best known model of motivation. As a motivation theory, the hierarchy of needs is useful, but probably over-used.

Clayton Alderfer created a variation on the best-known needs theory of motivation: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Alderfer's model is known as ERG Theory. ERG stands for the three primary needs that Alderfer identified:



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Step into the world of Albert Einstein at the largest exhibit of its kind in New York City's American Museum of Natural History. Explore the genius of Einstein's theories on light, gravity, and time through interactive displays and rare...

The video discusses two separate topics: the deteriorating state of the Titanic wreck and the search for evidence of antimatter. It highlights the alarming decay of the Titanic wreck, which is on the verge of collapsing, and the efforts...

Five experts explore the notion of experimental verification in science, beginning with Karl Popper's famous "falsification criterion". Featured are: Nima Arkani-Hamed (Institute for Advanced Study), Scott Tremaine (Institute for...

Primatologist Frans de Waal (Emory University), historian David Hollinger (UC Berkeley) and David Goldberg, former Rabbi, Liberal Jewish Synagogue London, candidly share their views on the "New Atheist" movement, relating how best to...

We introduced the movement of idealism and discussed its most important early proponents, such as George Berkeley and Immanuel Kant. Now let's examine the key figures that were to follow, including Johann Fichte, Friedrich Schiller,...

Celebrated physicists Nobel Laureate Tony Leggett (University of Illinois), Freeman Dyson (Institute for Advanced Study), Paul Steinhardt (Princeton University), Michael Gordin (Princeton University) share their intriguing perspectives...