An explanation or model that is logical, testable and predictive.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science...

How French Chemist Antoine Lavoisier revealed the true significance of oxygen and brought about the birth of modern chemistry. Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. Antoine Lavoisier experimented with weighing substances before...

The story of Hennig Brand and how he discovered the element phosphorus by boiling buckets of urine. Discover why his experiments paved the way for the discovery of the modern chemical elements. Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning...

When a group of scientists claimed they had achieved nuclear fusion, the discovery became one of the most controversial of the 20th century. What is fusion, and what role does heat play in it? Physics - Energy And Radioactivity -...

Combustion reactions are vital: from keeping us warm and cooking our food, to providing electricity and propelling rockets into outer space. What do we know about these chemical reactions? Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points....

Why do we cook our food wrapped in aluminium foil? Why does metal rust? It all comes down to oxidation reactions. Discover what happens to cause these reactions, and how to stop them. Chemistry - ReactionsLearning Points. The combustion...

Unreachable by man, scientists have developed a complex experiment to demonstrate the heat and pressure at the centre of the Earth. Earth Science - Geology - Learning Points. The Earth's core is a dense ball of iron and nickel. To...

What scientists believed was a technical fault with their equipment turned out to be radiation left over from the Big Bang - one of the greatest astronomical discoveries of the 20th century. Physics - Universe - Learning Points....

When Phineas Gage's brain was injured in a freak accident, his personality changed giving scientists a unique opportunity to study brain function. Biology - Being Human - Learning Points. Phineas Gage, a railway construction foreman...

Unripe bananas travel from all around the world but always end up ripe and yellow on the supermarket shelves. This experiment shows us how. Chemistry - Chemical Industries - Learning Points. Millions of bananas are exported across the...

How the contagious and lethal smallpox virus was finally eradicated - 150 years after the first chance to prevent a global outbreak was missed. Biology - Cells And DNA - Learning Points. Smallpox is an acute, contagious disease - one of...

A unique experiment investigates what happens to wolf cub's wild nature if they are raised in a domestic environment. Will nature or nurture win out? Biology - Cells And DNA - Learning Points. Wolves and dogs are 99.8% genetically...

In USA in the 1970s, 200,000 tonnes of lead was added to petrol every year. Now leaded petrol for cars is banned. Discover the dangers of tetraethyl lead in petrol. Chemistry - Chemical Industries - Learning Points. Midgley Junior added...

How a race between two scientists to liquefy gases led them near to absolute zero - the coldest temperature possible. Physics - Energy And Radioactivity - Learning Points. Absolute zero occurs at -273.15 degrees Celsius. Absolute zero is...

The Large Hadron Collider, the world's longest particle accelerator, is exciting scientists around the world who hope it can recreate the moments just after the Big Bang. Physics - Universe - Learning Points. The Large Hadron Collider is...

The 17th century German chemist Johann Becher proposed that an element, phlogiston, was released when substances burned. He was wrong, and his incorrect theory led many early chemists to misunderstand the significance of some of their...

Lasers are usually associated with heat. But scientists have instead used them to reach the coldest temperature ever recorded. Could they reach absolute zero? Physics - Energy And Radioactivity - Learning Points. Absolute zero is...

What is the Coriolis effect? How is it produced and how does it affect our weather? Earth Science - Weather - Learning Points. The way wind blows determines thunderstorms to hurricanes. The Coriolis Effect is a deflection of moving mass...

We know that Mars once had a landscape with oceans and rivers, but what happened to it? Physics - Universe - Learning Points. Although Mars is a freezing dry world today, it is thought the planet was once like Earth. If liquid water once...

The discovery of Titan's atmosphere excited scientists, who believe it could hold the key to life on Earth. Physics - UniverseLearning Points. Titan is the only moon in the Solar System with a dense atmosphere. Titan's atmosphere is 98%...

How a unique but simple experiment in the 19th century gave a new insight into the behaviour of sound waves. Physics - Waves - Learning Points. The Doppler Effect is when the pitch of a sound seems to change as it moves past. The...

Discovered in 1985, Buckminsterfullerene has some fascinating characteristics. What is it and how is it shaping the future of chemistry? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. In the 1980s, a new carbon allotraope was found -...

We compare the reactivity of Group 1 and Group 2 metals. We add sodium and then potassium to water. We observe the reactions. Next we add magnesium and then calcium to hydrochloric acid and observe the reactions. The results let us put...

We investigate the amount of energy stored in maize snacks and peanuts by burning them. The food is placed under an aluminium beaker of water before being set alight and the temperature change of the water is recorded. We can compare the...