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Water Forces
The unique force created by hydrogen bonding gives water some unique properties, which seem to defy the laws of nature. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Hydrogen bonding is a special force of attraction between water...
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Nuclear Power
How is this powerful and controversial energy source produced? Do the advantages outweigh the dangers of nuclear power? Earth Science - Earth's Resources - Learning Points. Nuclear power is created using uranium, and small amounts can...
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Heat Transport
Conduction, convection and radiation are all ways in which heat is transported. How does each work, and what are they useful for? Physics - Energy And Radioactivity - Learning Points. The three types of heat transport are conduction,...
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Nuclear Fission: The Power and Dangers of Splitting Atoms
Find out what happens when an atom splits and why, depending on how this process is controlled, the consequences can be productive or destructive. Physics - Energy And Radioactivity - Learning Points. Nuclear fission creates energy by...
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Carbon: Synthetic Diamonds
Diamonds take millions of years to form within the Earth's mantle, but now scientists are trying to produce them synthetically. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Diamonds take a long time to form in the Earth's mantle....
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Introduction to Chemical Bonding
The basic ways elements combine to create compounds, fundamental to life as we know it. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. There are 92 naturally occurring elements. They fall into two categories: metals and non-metals....
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Van de Graaff Generator
We use a Van de Graaff generator to investigate static electricity. The generator is turned on and we see a spark move between the two domes. We then place a wig on the main dome and see the hair rise as the charge builds and the hairs...
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Flame Test
We use a Bunsen burner to burn different chemical salts to see how the flame colour changes. This shows that sodium burns with a yellow flame, lithium burns with a red flame, barium burns with a yellow-green flame and copper burns with a...
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Ionic Bonding
How metals and non-metals combine to form compounds with unique and very different properties. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. An electrically charged atom is called an ion. Ionic bonds are very strong. Ions are formed...
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What is an Atom?
From our bodies to the oceans and stars, everything is made of millions upon millions of tiny atoms. But what are atoms made of? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. The building blocks of all elements are called atoms. Atoms...
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Atomic Structure
What does the Periodic Table tell us about the elements, their properties and behaviours? And why does the atomic number define each element? Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. The structure of the atom reveals why the...
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Covalent Bonding
How non-metal elements combine by covalent bonds to form compounds. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Covalent bonds occur between non-metal atoms. The number of bonds depends on how many electrons are in the outer shell....
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Forces of Nature
Introducing the four main forces of nature: gravity, electromagnetic force, weak and strong nuclear forces. Learn why they are fundamental to life on Earth. Physics - Forces - Learning Points. There are four fundamental forces of nature....
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Northern Lights
Discover how the chemical reactions which produce the extraordinary colours of the Northern Lights have their origins in outer space. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Aurora Borealis, or Northern Lights, is a natural...
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Nuclear Waste
Nuclear fission is the process used in nuclear power plants, which creates radioactive nuclear waste that is hazardous to humans. Discover how this nuclear waste is disposed of and stored. Earth Science - Earth's Resources - Learning...
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Stimulated emission
As distinct from spontaneous emission, stimulated emission is the process in which a photon is emitted from an atom or molecule when hit by another photon of the right energy. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in...
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Atomic mass
The mass of a specific atom, given for the specific isotope of an element. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films...
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Delocalised electrons
In a metal, each metal atom readily gives up its outer shell electrons, resulting in a sea of free electrons flowing throughout a lattice of positively charged metal ions. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in...
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Gamma ray
High energy electromagnetic radiation, with extremely short wavelengths, often smaller than an atom. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions....
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Molecular mass
The mass of one molecule of a substance. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films reinforce abstract concepts and key...
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Hydroxide
Refers to the hydroxide ion, which is a negative ion consisting of an oxygen atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise...
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What is Electricity? - Power Basics
Explore in simple terms what electricity is, how it is created and how it travels to our homes. Physical processes - Electricity and magnetism - Electricity Learning Points Electricity is a form of energy. Electricity is the flow of...
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Intramolecular And Intermolecular Forces: Chemistry, Chemical Bonds, High School Chemistry
Understanding the difference between intramolecular and intermolecular forces is crucial for mastering chemistry. In this video, we'll break down these concepts into easy-to-understand steps to help you excel in your studies. Here's What...
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Polar And Nonpolar Covalent Bonds: Easy Explanation With Examples - Chemistry Basics
Are you struggling to understand the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds? This video explains these important chemistry concepts with simple explanations and clear examples. Learn how electronegativity affects bond...