What is the Just World Effect? In psychology, the just-world phenomenon is the tendency to believe that the world is just and that people get what they deserve. Because people want to believe that the world is fair, they will look for...

What is Integrative Thinking? Integrative thinking is the process of integrating intuition, reason, and imagination in a human mind to develop a holistic continuum of strategy, tactics, action, review, and evaluation.

What is Design Thinking? Design thinking refers to the set of cognitive, strategic and practical procedures used by designers in the process of designing, and to the body of knowledge that has been developed about how people reason when...

What are Carnall's Coping Style model for organizational change? Carnall's Coping Style Model of Change · close-mindedness, · fear of the unknown, or · the fear of not being able to adapt to the new changes.

What is Bottom Up Management? What is Top Down Management? The top-down approach to management is when company-wide decisions are made solely by leadership at the top, while the bottom-up approach gives all teams a voice in these types...

What is the Big Five Model of Personality Traits? The Big Five personality traits are extraversion (also often spelled extroversion), agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. The Big Five remain relatively stable...

What is Behavioral Approach to Leadership? The behavioral leadership theory focuses on how leaders behave, and assumes that these traits can be copied by other leaders. Sometimes called the style theory, it suggests that leaders aren't...

What are the Approaches to Management Decision Making? Rational decision-making model, Bounded rationality decision-making model, Intuitive decision-making model, and. Creative decision-making model.

What is the Analysis of Alternatives in Decision Making? The Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) is an important element of the defense acquisition process. An AoA is an analytical comparison of the operational effectiveness, suitability, and...

What is an Affinity Diagram as it is used in Entrepreneurship? The affinity diagram organizes a large number of ideas into their natural relationships. It is the organized output from a brainstorming session. Use it to generate,...

What is Action Learning? Action learning is an approach to problem solving involving taking action and reflecting upon the results. This helps improve the problem-solving process as well as simplify the solutions developed by the team.

What is the Abilene Paradox? The Abilene paradox is a collective fallacy, in which a group of people collectively decide on a course of action that is counter to the preferences of most or all individuals in the group, while each...

What is 8 Discipline Problem Solving? What is 8D problem solving? Eight Disciplines Methodology is a method or model developed at Ford Motor Company used to approach and to resolve problems, typically employed by quality engineers or...

What is the 6 Changes Approach? The 6 Change Approaches developed by John Kotter and Leonard Schlesinger is a model to prevent, decrease, or minimize resistance to change in organizations.

What are Wicked Problems in entrepreneurship? A business problem might be wicked if it includes: Stakeholder disagreements. Complex roots of the problem. A lack of precedent for the problem. Difficulty solving the problem or identifying...

What is the Whole Brain Model? The Whole Brain® Model is a metaphor for how we think. But it’s also a practical approach to observing and describing our thinking preferences — and the preferences of those around us.

What is Total Quality Management or TQM? Total quality management consists of organization-wide efforts to "install and make permanent climate where employees continuously improve their ability to provide on demand products and services...

What is the Time to Market for a startup venture? Time to Market (TTM) is the time it takes to go from an idea to a finished product. Sometimes you will come across the term Speed to Market (STM). In the context of startups, TTM is a...

What is Theory E? What is Theory O? Theory E is change based on economic value. Theory O is change based on organizational capability. Both are valid models; each theory of change achieves some of management's goals, either explicitly or...

What is Survivorship Bias? Survivorship bias or survival bias is the logical error of concentrating on entities that passed a selection process while overlooking those that did not. This can lead to incorrect conclusions because of...

What is Stakeholder Management? Stakeholder management is a critical component in the successful delivery of any project, programme or activity. A stakeholder is any individual, group or organization that can affect, be affected by, or...

What is the Stacey Matrix? It is designed to help understand the factors that contribute to complexity and choose the best management actions to address different degrees of complexity.

What is the Six Hats Appraoch? "Six Thinking Hats" is a way of investigating an issue from a variety of perspectives, but in a clear, conflict-free way. It can be used by individuals or groups to move outside habitual ways of thinking,...

What is Quality Management? Quality management ensures that an organization, product or service consistently functions well. It has four main components: quality planning, quality assurance, quality control and quality improvement....