When you flip a coin to make a decision, there's an equal chance of getting heads and tails. But what if you flip the coin repeatedly, so that one option would win as soon as two heads showed up in a row, and another would win as soon as...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how the gas pressure is the force applied over the area of the container. It is also the change in momentum as gas molecules interact with the container and is uniform throughout the sample. Several...

The meter is the world's ultimate measure, but how did it become "the" meter? What is this measurement based on? The story of this revolution in measurement traces its roots to the French Revolution. Scientists decided that an equal and...

After years of experiments, you’ve finally created the pets of the future – nano-rabbits! They’re tiny, they’re fuzzy ... and they multiply faster than the eye can see. But a rival lab has sabotaged you, threatening the survival of your...

GPS location apps on a smartphone can be very handy when mapping a travel route or finding nearby events. But how does your smartphone know where you are? Wilton L. Virgo explains how the answer lies 12,000 miles over your head, in an...

The wave model of the electron can be used to explain the Bohr model. Electrons are found in certain orbits because they interfere with themselves and create standing waves. When the wavelengths don't match up with a whole integer they...

Life is chaos and the universe tends toward disorder. But why? If you think about it, there are only a few ways for things to be arranged in an organized manner, but there are nearly infinite other ways for those same things to...

More than 90% of the plants on Earth are angiosperms, flowering plants whose seeds are enclosed inside fruit. And they’re everywhere -- but exactly how and when these plants came to be so ubiquitous is one of the most stubborn questions...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how to run the student's t-test on a set of data. He starts by explaining conceptually how a t-value can be used to determine the statistical difference between two samples. He then shows you how to...

Last week we introduced p-values as a way to set a predetermined cutoff when testing if something seems unusual enough to reject our null hypothesis - that they are the same. But today we’re going to discuss some problems with the logic...

Today we're going to talk about a fundamental part of all modern computers. The thing that basically everything else uses - the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (or the ALU). The ALU may not have the most exciting name, but it is the...

In this video Paul Andersen explains the importance of standard deviation. He starts with a discussion of normal distribution and how the standard deviation measures the average distance from the mean, or the "spread" of data. He then...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how beats are created through interference of waves with similar frequencies. The changes in amplitude are caused by destructive and constructive interference. The frequency of beats is equal to the...

There are a lot of events in life that we just can’t predict, but just because something is random doesn’t mean we don’t know or can’t learn anything about it. Today, we’re going to talk about how we can extract information from...

Learn about the Oort Cloud with host Reid Reimers on this episode of SciShow Space!

Each father and mother pass down traits to their children, who inherit combinations of their dominant or recessive alleles. But how do we know so much about genetics today? Hortensia Jimenez Diaz explains how studying pea plants revealed...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how density measures the compactness of a material. You can calculate the density of a material by measuring the mass and dividing this by the volume. Water displacement is an effective way to...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how the gravitational field strength is directly related to the mass of the object and indirectly related to the square of the distance from the center of mass. The equation for gravitational field...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how the reaction quotient is used to determine the progress of a reversible reaction. The reaction quotient (Q) is the ratio of the concentration of products to the concentration of reactants. The...

Today's episode dives into the HOW of enthalpy. How we calculate it, and how we determine it experimentally...even if our determinations here at Crash Course Chemistry are somewhat shoddy.

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In this video Paul Andersen explains how the work is a product of the external force applied to an object or system and the distance it moves. Power is a measure of the amount of work done per unit time. The work can be calculated as...

Today, we’re moving on from artificial intelligence that needs training labels, called Supervised Learning, to Unsupervised Learning which is learning by finding patterns in the world. We’ll focus on the performing unsupervised...

PERT and CPM are two forms of Network Chart that are represented differently, and take different approaches to calculating schedules. For both, the roots lie in the 1940s and the way the Manhattan Project was planned.

This engaging program helps students comprehend the concept of volume. Easy-to-understand examples illustrate how the volume of liquids are measured. Measuring solids is shown using a ruler, or through the process of water displacement.