The Born-Haber cycle calculates lattice energy using steps like ionization, electron affinity, and sublimation, showing the energetics of ionic compound formation

Pi (π) is a fascinating number with many applications in mathematics, physics, and engineering. Its infinite decimal representation is a reminder of its fundamental nature in the universe. Mathematician Johann Lambert proved that pi is...

The pH scale is used to determine whether a substance is acidic or basic, and to calculate how strong a chemical it is. A pH value is a number that ranges from 1 to 14 for most common chemicals, with seven being the middle or neutral...

Discover how parallax can be used to measure distances, and how early astronomers used it to find the distance of stars from Earth. Maths - Space A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s math...

GPS satellites pin-point locations on Earth. How has this technology enhanced our lives, from military systems to social applications? Physics - Universe - Learning Points. GPS stands for Global Positioning System. GPS uses 24 satellites...

Watch one champion try to recite Pi to as many digits as he can; and discover what Pi is and why it is useful. Maths - Shape A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s context films show...

The story of how a Persian scholar calculated the Earth's circumference over 1000 years ago, using only a mountain and trigonometry. Maths - Shape A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s...

Archimedes' mathematical ability was central to his work as a great engineer. Discover how he came up with the most accurate approximation of Pi in ancient times, by bounding a circle within 96-sided polygons. Maths - History Of Maths A...

How air traffic controllers use position vectors to ensure that aeroplanes can fly safely in crowded skies. Maths - Algebra A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s math films show abstract...

Isaac Newton's Laws of Motion explain how and why objects move as they do - the principles which underlie all of modern mechanics. Physics - Forces - Learning Points. Sir Isaac Newton published his laws of motion in 1687. Every movement...

How do we know how powerful the Sun's energy is from here on Earth? Measuring the surface area of an imaginary giant sphere holds the answer. Maths - Shape A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum....

Predicting the future of Earth's climate is a daunting task. How are complex climate models calculated, taking chaos theory into account? Earth Science - Human Impacts - Learning Points. Climate models use data to calculate the...

How Richard Branson's team created the world's largest hot air balloon in order to undertake a daring crossing of the Pacific Ocean. Maths - Shape A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s...

We investigate the amount of energy stored in maize snacks and peanuts by burning them. The food is placed under an aluminium beaker of water before being set alight and the temperature change of the water is recorded. We can compare the...

Meet the robots who use statistics to learn about the world around them. Maths - Statistics And Probability A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s context films show abstract concepts in...

In an age before satellite navigation and GPS, one man found an ingenious solution to the problem of determining a ship's location at sea. Discover the relationship between place and time. Human Geography - Orientation And Settlements -...

What are the trigonometric functions and how did the sine function allow Indian astronomers to prove that the Sun was 400 times farther from Earth than the Moon? Maths - Shape A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required...

Discover how speed, velocity and acceleration are interlinked but very different measurements of motion. Physics - Forces - Learning Points. The velocity and acceleration of any moving object can be calculated. Speed is the distance...

Why do people fear flying but not coconuts? Or rollercoasters but not ladders? Find out how to calculate the theoretical or experimental probability of events, and why this shows that often the things we fear the most are the least...

How many stars are there in the Universe? Astronomers calculate it the same way they would grains of sand on a beach... using volume. Maths - Measurement A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum....

Even when you are standing still, you are moving through space at incredible speed. Find out how to calculate just how fast the Earth is moving. Maths - Accuracy And Proof A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by...

Find out how GPS works and how it can pinpoint your location to within a few metres.
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By the end of this learning object, the student will be able to: Find the lateral and total surface areas of a cube.9769

By the end of this learning object, the student will be able to: Put descriptive data in a tally frequency table.4586