Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology
Iris: Seismic Wave Behavior: Direct vs. Critically Refracted Graphed
Examine the behavior of seismic waves. This graph illustrates direct and critically refracted waves.
John Wiley & Sons
Wiley: Physical Geography: Animation: Wave Refraction
A brief animation that demonstrates the impact of waves on headlands and on bays explaining how waves shape sea arches and beaches.
Curated OER
Astro Lab: Refracting Telescopes
Get the facts and historical background information on refracting telescopes, an important astronomical tool. This page has great accompanying photographs, as well as diagrams.
Curated OER
Refraction of Light
The meaning and cause of refraction--as well as Snell's law of refraction--are discussed. Includes an interactive problem-solving form in which visitors relate angles of refraction to the incident angle and the indices of refraction.
Curated OER
Web Gallery of Art: Newton's Discovery of the Refraction of Light
An image of "Newton's Discovery of the Refraction of Light", created by Filippo Pelagio Palagi in 1827 (Oil on canvas, 167 x 216 cm).
Curated OER
Astro Lab: Refracting Telescopes
Get the facts and historical background information on refracting telescopes, an important astronomical tool. This page has great accompanying photographs, as well as diagrams.
Other
New Dana System Mineralogy Database
Over 3,900 mineral species descriptions are included in this HTML-linked table of Dana classifications for all known valid mineral species. 3-D models are available for over 600 minerals.
Georgia State University
Georgia State University: Hyper Physics: Sound Propagation
This page and the many pages which are indexed to focus on the behaviors of sound which characterize it as a wave. Reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction and more are clearly illustrated and explained.
Other
Rice University/ats: Virtual Museum of Telescope History
This virtual museum has information on early telescopes which are mostly refractors. It contains research information on telescopes and early observatories as well as navigational equipment. Some parts still under construction.
Curated OER
Reekos Mad Scientist Lab: Light Refraction
Here are simple instructions for creating a prism using a glass of water, a small mirror, and a piece of paper.
Curated OER
Ntnu Virtual Physics Lab: Find the Fastest Path
Chinese-language Java applet illustrating Fermat's principle that light follows the fastest path between any two points. Excellent animation and accompanying text. Relates Fermat's principle to Snell's law.
Curated OER
Georgia State University: Telephoto Lens
At this site from Georgia State University Physics Department the operation of a telephoto lens is discussed. The refraction of light through the lens is shown and a link to a calculation page is provided.
Curated OER
Georgia State University: Telephoto Lens
At this site from Georgia State University Physics Department the operation of a telephoto lens is discussed. The refraction of light through the lens is shown and a link to a calculation page is provided.
Curated OER
Ntnu Virtual Physics Lab: Thin Lens Combination
A Java applet which allows the user to emulate a refracting telescope and a light microscope. This is a great site to get information on the subject and better understand it through diagrams and charts.
Curated OER
Ntnu Virtual Physics Lab: Thin Lens Combination
A Java applet which allows the user to emulate a refracting telescope and a light microscope. This is a great site to get information on the subject and better understand it through diagrams and charts.
Curated OER
Ntnu Virtual Physics Lab: Thick Lens Java Applet
An interactive Java applet which allows the user to investigate the path of light through a lens shape object. The shape of the object, the index of refraction of the material, and the location of the incident rays can be altered.
Curated OER
Science World: Snell, Willebrord
This site from ScienceWorld provides a very short biographical sketch of Willebrord Snell (1591-1626 CE) and describes his most notable scientific discovery, the law of refraction. Links are provided for additional information as well.
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