The goal of this lesson is for middle schoolers to use manipulatives to add integers, creating concepts rather than memorizing rules. This lesson will be related to the 300 Spartans who battled the invading Persians at the Battle of...

The purpose of this task is to give students a chance to work creatively with three of the four fundamental arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, and multiplication). It is well suited for helping students develop fluency with...