Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Soldiers: Making of African American Identity: 1500 1865

For Students 9th - 10th
Photographs of and letters from black soldiers-both enslaved and free-from the late-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries that examine military experience for African Americans.
Article
A&E Television

History.com: Why This Pioneering Hopi Soldier Has a Mountain Named After Her

For Students 9th - 10th
Lori Ann Piestewa was the first woman to die on the front lines in Iraq and the first American Indian woman to die serving the U.S. Armed Forces. Piestewa has became synonymous with patriotic Native American sacrifice. In 2008, a...
Website
Library of Congress

Loc: Prints & Photograph: Photographs of African Americans During the Civil War

For Students 9th - 10th
A Library of Congress collection of digitized photos of African Americans during the Civil War, including photos of soldiers and freedmen. From the Library of Congress.
Website
Library of Congress

Loc: African American Odyssey: The Civil War

For Students 9th - 10th
Prints, photographs and documents form the Library of Congress collections tell a story of African Americans and the Civil War including contrabands of war, emancipation, soldiers and missionaries, and fighting for freedom.
Handout
Library of Congress

Loc: African American Odyssey: The Booker T. Washington Era

For Students 9th - 10th
One section of this "Booker T. Washington Era" page of the LOC's African American Odyssey site is devoted to a very brief biography of Booker T. Washington. Other sections of the page summarize the history of African Americans between...
Handout
The History Cat

The History Cat: Us History: The Buffalo Soldiers

For Students 9th - 10th
Describes the history of the Buffalo Soldiers, African Americans who served in four Calvary peacetime units in the 19th and 20th centuries. Highlights the experiences of Emanuel Stance, a freed slave who joined the military in 1866.
Handout
TexasHistory.com

Texas history.com: African Americans in Uniform on the Texas Frontier

For Students 9th - 10th
Examines the history of the buffalo soldiers in Texas after the Civil War, the obstacles they faced due to racism, and how other African Americans perceived them.
Website
Other

Buffalosoldier.net: Buffalo Soldiers and Indian Wars

For Students 9th - 10th
Excellent resource for all kinds of information on buffalo soldiers, including video clips and photos, as well as a four-part history.
Primary
Patrick McSherry

Spanish American War Centennial: The Transport Service

For Students 9th - 10th
This site contains historical information on the transportation of soldiers who fought in the Spanish-American War. It discusses the difficulties of moving so many soldiers to Cuba and the Philippines.
Activity
Library of Congress

Loc: The American Revolution Began April 19, 1775

For Students 3rd - 8th
This is an interesting site explaining the beginning of the American Revolution. Read all about the communication system that signaled the beginning of the war.
Article
Other

Home for Heroes: Buffalo Soldiers Taught Him

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the U. S. Department of Defense provides information about the African-American soldiers who served in the 92nd Infantry. Includes the testimony of a man who served in the division.
Primary
Virginia Tech

Virginia Tech: Special Collections: American Civil War Manuscript Guides

For Students 9th - 10th
A large repository of letters and diaries from both Union and Confederate soldiers, homefront letters, memoirs, and contemporary research files. Includes materials from the war years, 1861-1865, as well as materials from later periods...
Lesson Plan
Huntington Library

Huntington Library: Causes of American Revolution: Soldiers and Civilians at War

For Teachers 5th
In this lesson, 5th graders look at causes and consequences of the American Revolution, at nations and individuals that impacted the outcome, at the roles women played, and at how the war affected families, economics, and the...
Website
Library of Congress

Loc: American Memory: African American Odyssey

For Students 9th - 10th
This site explores Black America's quest for equality from the early national period through the twentieth century. Content includes the work of abolitionists in the first half of the nineteenth century, depictions of the long journey...
Website
Library of Congress

Loc: American Memory: The Kiowa Collection

For Students 9th - 10th
Collection contains images and transcripts of the papers of Hugh Lenox Scott, a soldier in Kiowa territory in 1892. He tells of the Kiowa nation, their history, culture and clashes with whites like Kit Carson.
Primary
University of Groningen

American History: Essays: Black Lost Cause. Colored Service in Confederate Army

For Students 9th - 10th
This well-researched extensive essay by Peter Stam looks at the issue of the number of African Americans serving in the Confederate Army as soldiers. By examining information from many historians, some of whom turn out to be unreliable,...
Primary
Scholastic

Scholastic: World War Ii: American Homefront: From Homemaker to Shipbuilder

For Students 9th - 10th
An account of how World War II changed the lives of not just the soldiers, but also the people on the homefront. Find out how their daily life changed, and how they helped in the war effort. Includes many photos, questions to think...
Graphic
Smithsonian Institution

National Postal Museum: Art of the Stamp: Buffalo Soldiers

For Students 9th - 10th
View the artwork for a U.S. postage stamp issued in 1994 to commemorate the buffalo soldiers. Includes a short passage about the soldiers' military service record.
Lesson Plan
US National Archives

Nara: Teaching With Documents: Black Soldiers in the Civil War

For Teachers 9th - 10th
This comprehensive site from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) describes the history of the participation of colored troops in the Civil War and government efforts to research and compile records about them....
Website
Other

Us Gen Net: Vanderburgh County: World War I Soldiers' Biographies

For Students 9th - 10th
Links to biographies of men from Vanderburgh County, Indiana who fought in World War I.
Primary
US National Archives

Nara: American Originals: 54th Regiment Casualty List

For Students 9th - 10th
An interesting webpage in that it contains a brief summary of the history of the Regiment as well as the Casualty List from the assault on Fort Wagner and two historic photos.
Interactive
New York Times

New York Times: A Look at Those Who Died

For Students 9th - 10th
Explores the first 1000 deaths of American soldiers in Iraq. Features information about the soldiers including where they are from and what branch of the service they were in. This is the highest amount of U.S. military deaths since the...
Website
Other

Kingwood Library: American Cultural History: 1880 1889

For Students 9th - 10th
The 1880's in America were chock full of new architecture, technologies, businesses, modern conveniences such as gas and electric, operas, fashions, and much more as featured in this resource.
Website
University of Illinois

University of Illinois: Modern American Poetry: Robert Lowell

For Students 9th - 10th
An intimate look into the poetry of Robert Lowell, with a short biography and links to critical essays on thirteen of his poems. Click on the "Online Poems" link to read the full text of the highlighted poems.

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