Unit Plan
Annenberg Foundation

Annenberg Learner: America's History in the Making: Contested Territories

For Students 9th - 10th
This site highlights the westward expansion of settlers in North America and the effects this expansion had on Native Americans between the Revolutionary and Civil Wars.
Unit Plan
PBS

Wnet: Thirteen: Freedom: A History of Us: Whose Land Is This? Webisode 8

For Students 9th - 10th
From Joy Hakim's marvelous set of books, A History of US, this webisode offers narrative, pictures, and teaching guides for the settling of the West after the Civil War.
Handout
Other

A Gathering of Nations: Images of History of the Indian Tribes of North America

For Students 9th - 10th
A selection of twenty-four images from The History of the Indian Tribes of North America, each representing a different Native American Nation. Each image is accompanied by a brief description.
Article
Other

Victoriana Magazine: Native American Tribes and u.s Government

For Students 9th - 10th
The U.S. government's policies towards Native Americans in the second half of the nineteenth century were influenced by the desire to expand westward into territories occupied by these Native American tribes. By the 1850s nearly all...
Handout
Art Cyclopedia

Artcyclopedia: John James Audubon: American Illustrator, 1785 1851

For Students 9th - 10th
Collection of several links related to John James and his famous bird paintings.
Primary
PBS

The West: Documents on the Sand Creek Massacre

For Students 9th - 10th
Contains the text of documents on the Sand Creek Massacre, including two editorials from the Rocky Mountain News, Congressional testimony by John S. Smith, and a deposition by John M. Chivington
Graphic
Other

Images of the American West: Oklahoma

For Students 9th - 10th
This is a photo gallery of white homeseekers known as Boomers and other homesteaders settling the Oklahoma Territory in the late 1800's.
Primary
PBS

Pbs the West: Gen. Nelson A. Miles on the "Sioux Outbreak"

For Students 9th - 10th
Statements and reports forwarded up the chain of command in 1891 about the failure of the government to provide either food or other promised support to Sioux Indians after the destruction of buffalo herds.
Primary
PBS

Pbs the West: The Battle of the Little Bighorn

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from PBS is an excerpt from an 1893 book "Picture Writing of the American Indians" by Garrick Mallery which offers an eyewitness account of the Battle of Little Bighorn by the Lakota Chief Red Horse.
Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: Native Resistance in the Trans Appalachian West

For Students 5th - 8th
This site gives a brief look at the Indian alliance built by Tecumseh to confront the U.S. military which wanted to protect the settlers moving west into Indian territory.
Handout
Country Studies US

Country Studies: The Plight of the Indians

For Students 9th - 10th
This site explains how as westward expansion grew, more and more Indians encountered settlers, ranchers and miners who sought life, land, and riches out West. Conflicts between settlers and Indians soon involved the federal government...
Primary
PBS

Pbs the West: The Pursuit and Capture of Chief Joseph

For Students 9th - 10th
Provides detailed information on the Nez Perce campaign and the capture of Chief Joseph in an eyewitness account by Charles Erskine Scott Wood, aide to General Howard.
Handout
CommonLit

Common Lit: Text Sets: Westward Expansion

For Students 9th - 10th
Throughout the 1800s, Americans pushed ever westward in the search of prosperity and the American dream. It was a time of growth and adventure for settlers, and loss for most American Indians. This collection includes 7 Grade-Leveled...
Handout
American University

American University: Ted Case Studies: Hudson Bay Company Fur Trading in 1800s

For Students 9th - 10th
This site gives an overview of the fur trade with Northwest Coast native peoples in the 1800s, and the impact the fur trade and contact with outsiders had on the natives' way of life.
Graphic
Curated OER

Etc: West Indians Trading Posts & Routes of Travel, 1820 1835

For Students 9th - 10th
Western Indians trading posts and routes of travel 1820-1835, based on Chittenden's American Fur Trade.
Unit Plan
C-SPAN

American Writers: Black Elk

For Students 9th - 10th
An informational site on Black Elk. Includes general information about his life, works, and writings, including Black Elk Speaks. Also includes links to other sites.
Website
Other

Trail of Tears Assoc: The Story Trail of Tears National Historic Trail

For Students 9th - 10th
Follow the early history of Native American and European contact in America. As more settlers moved west, a law was passed to relocate the Cherokee from Arkansas. The routes they followed and the cruelties they suffered came to be known...
Whiteboard
ClassFlow

Class Flow: Southwest Literacy Unit

For Teachers 2nd - 8th
[Free Registration/Login Required] This flipchart is a literacy unit based around a Southwest / Westward Expansion Theme. Native Americans, pioneers, and the old west is covered. 8 different literacy strategies are taught with FULL...
Graphic
Curated OER

Educational Technology Clearinghouse: Maps Etc: The New West, 1889 1912

For Students 9th - 10th
A map of the western United States showing the rapid growth of the New West between 1885 and 1912 during the presidencies from Benjamin Harrison to Howard Taft. The map is color-coded to show the States admitted to the Union before the...
Graphic
Curated OER

Etc: Native American Delimitations, 1763 1770

For Students 9th - 10th
A map of the American colonies and territories west to the Mississippi River between the end of the French and Indian War of 1763 and the beginnings of westward expansion of the trans-Appalachian colony proposed in the Vandalia Project...
Handout
National Gallery of Art

National Gallery of Art: George Catlin

For Students 3rd - 8th
Gives background on the life and works of George Catlin. Links to several examples of his paintings.
Website
Other

Lopez Books: Joseph Bruchac Essay

For Students 9th - 10th
Joseph Bruchac gives a detailed description of his life and also discusses his involvement as a writer of Native American literature. Bruchac discusses his time as a volunteer teacher in West Africa, his memories of growing up with his...
Website
Other

Cypress Hills Massacre

For Students 9th - 10th
The Cypress Hills Massacre occurred in the wake of the absence of legal authority in Western Canada after the Hudson's Bay Company presence declined. The murder of thirty Assiniboine Indians by American wolf hunters helped establish the...
Article
A&E Television

History.com: Why This Pioneering Hopi Soldier Has a Mountain Named After Her

For Students 9th - 10th
Lori Ann Piestewa was the first woman to die on the front lines in Iraq and the first American Indian woman to die serving the U.S. Armed Forces. Piestewa has became synonymous with patriotic Native American sacrifice. In 2008, a...