This multi-day lesson plan helps students to understand how the models of the atom have changed and how quantum mechanics affects the electrons as they orbit the nucleus.

In this lab, learners will learn the relationship between color emitted by atoms of metal compounds and their electron structure by using the flame test.

This online instructional activity reviews the concepts of oxidation and reduction--reactions in which atoms or ions undergo changes in electron structure. Learn key concepts and complete the printouts to assess your understanding of...

X-rays, gamma rays and beta particles are all used in medicine to treat internal organs. X-rays are produced by firing electrons at a metal target and gamma rays are emitted by the nucleus of radioactive atoms. Gamma rays are used to...

The students will review the concepts of electromagnetic spectrum, properties of light, and the transition from ground to excited state of electrons in atoms. In laboratory groups, the students will identify the characteristic light...