[Free Registration/Login may be required to access all resource tools.] The process of transcription is defined and discussed in protein synthesis. Students will learn about mRNA processing and know the significance of polyadenylation.

Learn about these historical experiments having to do with genes being connected to enzymes: Garrod's studies of alkaptonuria and Beadle and Tatum's work with Neurospora mutants.

Discover the structure and function of DNA and RNA, and understand nucleotides and polynucleotides.

Learn how genetic code links groups of nucleotides in an mRNA to amino acids in a protein. Also learn about start codons, stop codons, and reading frame.

Find out about the process of transcription, where the DNA sequence of a gene is transcribed to make an RNA molecule.

An in-depth looks at how transcription works including initiation, elongation, and termination.

Learn about the role of the chemical groups on the ends of the pre-mRNA called the 5' cap and poly-A tail. Also learn about splicing, introns, and exons.

Find out how the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide (protein).

Learn about structure and roles of transfer RNAs and ribosomes including codons, anticodons, and wobble. Also find out about Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

Learn how molecular labels are used to direct proteins to different parts of the cell and to the cell exterior.