A map of Africa in 1902 showing the European colonial possessions established at the Berlin Conference in 1885, and the Turkish or Ottoman possession of Tripoli. This map shows major cities, rivers, and mountain systems, canals and head...

A map of Africa in 1914, showing the presence of European powers, including British, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, and Belgian possessions. Native states, major cities and major railways are also shown. This map reflects...

Map of Africa in 1899 showing the colonial possessions of European powers on the continent established at the Berlin Conference of 1885. This map shows major cities and trade centers, railroad routes and canals, major river systems, and...

Map of Africa in 1858, prior to the extensive European colonization of the continent established at the Berlin Conference of 1885. This map shows the European possessions of the Cape Colony, Natal, and Orange River Free State, and the...

A political map of Africa, as it was in 1903, showing European land claims after the Berlin Conference in 1885. The lack of natural boundaries, that is, boundaries along rivers, mountains, or native lands, shows the European system of...

Map of Africa in 1897 showing the European land claims established by the Berlin Conference of 1885. This map also shows major cities and towns, mountain regions, deserts, and river systems.

Map of Africa in the 17th & 18th centuries.

A political map of the African continent in 1916, showing the European territorial claims established at the Berlin Conference in 1885. This map also shows the territorial enclaves of British Walfish Bay in German Southwest Africa,...

A map of Africa after the Berlin Conference of 1885, which established the European colonial territory claims on the continent. This map shows the Belgian, British, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish claims, and the Turkish...

A map of central Africa in 1920 showing the European colonial claims at the time.

A political map of Africa in 1920 showing colonial possessions of the British, French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Belgians, including the former German colonies, lost after WWI, per the Treaty of Versailles.

A political sketch map of Africa just prior to WWI in 1914, showing the colonial possessions of European powers established at the Berlin Conference of 1885. The map shows the territorial claims of the British, French, German,...

A map showing the European colonization of the African continent before and after the Berlin Conference of 1885, when the most powerful countries in Europe at the time convened to make their territorial claims on Africa and establish...

A map of central and southern Africa in 1920 showing colonial possessions of the British, French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Belgians, including the former German colonies, lost after WWI, to French and British control per the...

A map of central and southern Africa in 1920 showing colonial possessions of the British, French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Belgians, including the former German colonies, lost after WWI, to French and British control per the...

A map of Africa in 1920 showing colonial possessions of the British, French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Belgians, including the former German colonies, lost after WWI, per the Treaty of Versailles. This map shows major cities and...

A map of Africa in 1920 showing colonial possessions of the British, French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Belgians, including the former German colonies, lost after WWI, to French and British control per the Treaty of Versailles.

Map of Africa in 1897 showing European colonial possessions and spheres of influence, and the independent territories at the time. The map is color-coded to show the areas controlled by the British, French, German, Turkish, Italian,...

Map of pre-colonial Africa, showing the predominately native countries and territories of the African continent in 1879. The counties include the Barbary States of Morocco, Algeria, Tunis, Tripoli and Fezzan, the Egyptian territories of...

As a young woman, Aphra Behn was a spy for Charles II's government in Antwerp and probably in South America. Two decades later, she used these experiences to write Oroonoko, the story of a prince kidnapped from West Africa, enslaved, and...

The Fipa are a Bantu-speaking people of southwestern Tanzania in East-Central Africa. The name "Fipa" appears to have been bestowed on them by nineteenth-century traders and means "people of the escarpment." It was later adopted by...

Kipsigis are the southernmost and most populous of the Kalenjin peoples of Kenya. The term "Kalenjin" (lit. "I say to you") was coined in radio broadcasts and at political rallies during the late colonial period, at a time when political...

Most settlers who came to America in the 17th century were English, but there were also Dutch, Swedes and Germans in the middle region, a few French Huguenots in South Carolina and elsewhere, slaves from Africa, primarily in the South,...

During the colonial period, the Pokot were called "Suk" by Europeans. To some Pokot, the older designation is a reminder of an era in which Africans lacked the power to name themselves; to others, it represents the clever ruse of a...