Handout
AllRefer

All Refer Reference: Soviet Union: Congress of People's Deputies

For Students 9th - 10th
The Congress of People's Deputies was a Russian representative body (legislature) created during the Gorbachev era. This is an excellent article describing how the body was formed, membership, and responsibilities.
Handout
Internet History Sourcebooks Project

Fordham University: Modern History Sourcebook: Hungary 1956 Statement From Soviets

For Students 9th - 10th
A brief response from the Soviet Union in reaction to the Hungarian Revolution. Describes their regret and their decision to pull their military from army units from Budapest. Also includes a message from Imre Nagy (Hungarian leader).
Website
Steven Kreis, PhD

The History Guide: Leonid Brezhnev, 1906 1982

For Students 9th - 10th
From "1989: The Walls Came Tumbling Down," a lecture by a college professor, this biography of Leonid Brezhnev's (1906-1982 CE) life focuses on his role as head of the Communist Party and head of state in the Soviet Union.
Article
Hartford Web Publishing

World History Archives: Banditry Threatens the New Russia, Law

For Students 9th - 10th
An article about threats to Russia's free-market economy and the breakdown of law enforcement.
Primary
ibiblio

Ibiblio: Stalin's Speech on Anniversary of the October Revolution

For Students 9th - 10th
Transcripts of Stalin's speech on Red Square celebrating the 24th anniversary of 1917 revolution. Within his speech, he speaks frequently of WWII and the battles with Germany.
Primary
Michigan State University

Michigan State University: United States History Since 1920: Truman Loyalty Oath, 1947

For Students 9th - 10th
In March, 1947, President Truman issued an executive order requiring that all Federal employees take a loyalty oath swearing loyalty to the United States. This was a time of fear of Communists and the Soviet Union. Read the entire...
Primary
Steven Kreis, PhD

The History Guide: Khrushchev's Secret Speech, 1956

For Students 9th - 10th
Excerpt of Nikita Khrushchev's "Secret Speech," delivered before a closed session of the Twentieth Party Congress in 1956. In this speech, Khrushchev admits the many crimes and atrocities of former Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.
Handout
Other

St. Martin: Iron Curtain 1945 1947

For Students 9th - 10th
This article discusses the development of the Soviet Union's Communist buffer zone after World War II and its evolution into the Iron Curtain of the Cold War.
Website
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

Woodrow Wilson Center: Digital Archive: Chinese Foreign Policy

For Students 9th - 10th
Documents on China's foreign relations, focusing on its relationship with the Soviet Union and the United States.
Handout
Wikimedia

Wikipedia: Vladimir Lenin

For Students 9th - 10th
A detailed article on the life of Vladimir Lenin. Discusses his life before becoming the leader of the Soviet Union, his political accomplishments as a leader and his death.
Website
ibiblio

Ibiblio: Internal Workings of the Soviet System

For Students 9th - 10th
This site briefly discusses the workings of the Soviet system and its leaders. Among those discussed are Stalin and his brutal use of police terror as well as Gorbachev and his perestroika plan.
Article
Other

On This Day: Democratisation

For Students 9th - 10th
This essay gives background into the introduction of democracy into the Soviet Union in the late 1980's.
Handout
Digital History

Digital History: Collapse of Communism

For Students 9th - 10th
Overview of the collapse of communism at the end of the 1980s and early 1990s ushered in by Mikhail Gorbachev and his reforms.
Primary
Other

Hellenic Resources Network: Helsinki Final Act 1975

For Students 9th - 10th
This primary document is a copy of the Helsinki Agreements of 1975 which recognized the borders in central and Eastern Europe that were set up since the end of WWII. They show the acceptance of the Soviet influence in Eastern Europe. and...
Handout
US Department of State

U.s. Dept. Of State: Archive: Inf Treaty of 1987

For Students 9th - 10th
Copy of the INF Treaty made by the US and the USSR in December of 1987.
Handout
Library of Congress

Loc: Georgia Election of 1992

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Library of Congress describes the factors involved with organizing the 1992 Georgian election. Examines some of the election laws and the challenge of including people from all regions in the election.
Primary
Other

Trussel: Crimes of the Stalin Era

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from Trussel.com provides the text of the report to the 20th Congress of the Soviet Communist Party by Nikita Khrushchev February 25, 1956 condemning the "cult of personality" surrounding Stalin and condemning Stalin's policies...
Handout
Wikimedia

Wikipedia: Eastern Bloc Emigration and Defection

For Students 9th - 10th
This site discusses the creation of the Eastern Bloc and the numerous defections that occurred before and during the construction of the Berlin Wall.
Graphic
Other

Cvce: Demonstration Against the Dismantling of Industry

For Students 9th - 10th
This image and short description illustrate the German peoples' reactions to the dismantling of their industries by the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
Website
Hanover College

Hanover College: Ukrainian Famine

For Students 9th - 10th
Archived by the Library of Congress and presented here by Hanover College, these are excerpts of historical records from the early decades of the Soviet Union, when Stalin forced collectivism and industrialization on the Russian people.
eBook
Country Studies US

Country Studies: Estonia: The Soviet Era, 1940 85

For Students 9th - 10th
This article examines the role of the Soviet Union in the governing of Estonia during World War II and the Cold War.
Handout
Central Intelligence Agency

Cia: World Factbook: Belarus

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the CIA World Factbook connects to "The World Factbook" page of the country Belarus, former Soviet state. Students must first click on "Country Listing" and then scroll down to Belarus.
Handout
PBS

Commanding Heights

For Students 9th - 10th
This timeline of East Germany from 1945 to 1990 chronicles key events from communist domination to political and economic freedom with the end of the Cold War and the dismantling of the Berlin Wall.
Lesson Plan
Alabama Learning Exchange

Alex: News Flash: The End of the Cold War

For Teachers 9th - 10th
This lesson is an inquiry into events that occurred during the Cold War era. It is a technology-based project on one event that occurred during the Cold War(1945-1991). The Cold War describes the tense and hostile relationship between...