In this science fair project, use an infrared thermometer to measure the temperature of differently colored paper exposed to sunlight, and calculate energy emission using the Stefan-Boltzmann equation. Find discussion questions, a list...

[Free Registration/Login may be required to access all resource tools.] Covers valence shell electrons and inner shell electrons.

[Free Registration/Login may be required to access all resource tools.] Explores electrons and their place in atoms.

The number of protons in the atom of an element determines its place in the Periodic Table. The number of electrons in an atom is the same as the number of protons. These electrons are arranged in shells or 'energy levels' around the...

This site from the Purdue University provides quantum numbers explained in detail and shown how they specify the atomic orbital of each electron and their energy levels. Electronic configurations are explained. Learning exercises with...

This article is provided by Florida State University. Schroedinger wave equation is explained and how quantum numbers are used to describe the energy level of any electron in an atom. The relationship of atomic orbitals to quantum...

[Free Registration/Login may be required to access all resource tools.] Explores electrons and their place in atoms.

Through nine lessons, students are introduced to a range of energy types--electrical, light, sound and thermal-as well as the renewable energy sources of wind, hydro (water) and solar power. Subjects range from understanding that the...

A well designed clear tutorial explaining the energies involved in the Bohr model of the atom. Illustrations add to the clearly presented equations.

Simulations that show the concepts of probability distribution and the behavior of electrons that will help students understanding of quantum mechanics. Students will learn about electrons movement when they are in an excited state. At...

This site has an interactive component that allows you to change the mass, number of electrons and the length of the box and see how it affects the energy levels. Requires Java.

From the Brockport High School Physics Labs web pages. Includes an excellent graphic depicting the energy levels of a hydrogen atoms and portraying the electron level transitions for the Lyman, Balmer, and Paschen series. Includes both...

Explains the basics of atomic structure, from simple definitions to information about quantum theory. Accurate and helpful basics whether or not you need the more advanced information.

As the name of this site implies, this is a huge reference site for elemental information. Whether you are looking for properties or isotopes, this site probably has what you need. Images of structure and electron energy level can be...

As the name of this site implies, this is a huge reference site for elemental information. Whether you are looking for properties or isotopes, this site probably has what you need. Images of structure and electron energy level can be...

The Pauli Exclusion Principle requires that all electrons in an atom have unique energy levels.

Several pages from an excellent site which describe the science of spectroscopy. The unique atomic emission (and absorption) line spectrum of elements are illustrated and explained. Includes a Java applet depicting the quantum energy...

Several visualizations that help students understand the basic properties of semiconductors. Students can turn a silicon crystal into an insulator or a conductor, investigate the probability waves of an electron, and make a depletion...

The website provides an explanation of the electrons' position in their orbitals as they spin around the nucleus. Quantum theory is also explored by explaining that the exact location of a specific electron is a not exact but a guess.

An outstanding site that can best be described as student friendly. It describes the main differences between the classical and quantum models of the atom. Clear and well illustrated.

Learners draw and interpret Lewis dot diagrams for individual atoms and both covalent and ionic compounds.

A very lengthy page from friesian.com discussing Bohr's theory of electronic energy levels and the explanation of commonly observed atomic emission line spectra. The concept of a photon and Einstein's observation of the photoelectric...

As the name of this site implies, this is a huge reference site for elemental information. Whether you are looking for properties or isotopes, this site probably has what you need. Images of structure and electron energy level can be...

As the name of this site implies, this is a huge reference site for elemental information. Whether you are looking for properties or isotopes, this site probably has what you need. Images of structure and electron energy level can be...