The periodic table was laid out using valences or the electrons in the outermost shell.

Brief explanation from Frostburg State University of valence bond theory and an explanation of what chemical situation creates a valence bond between two atoms.

This lesson will point out the difference between electron pairs and unpaired electrons in an atom using orbital diagrams. It is 2 of 3 in the series titled "Paired and Unpaired Electrons."

Presents exercises where students can check their understanding of the Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Model by predicting what a molecular shape will be. Requires Java.

Explains the principles of the Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Model, and gives examples of the geometry. Requires Java.

Valence electrons are defined in terms of electron configuration.

[Free Registration/Login Required] In this interactive you must place all of the students in their seats from back to front and see if you can figure out what element they would be if the rows of bus seats were the indicated electron...

Why does the shape of a molecule matter? Learn about how the shape of the molecule not only determines the molecule's properties but also whether it reacts or not. This tutorial reviews of VSEPR and molecular geometry.

[Free Registration/Login may be required to access all resource tools.] In the following online tutorial students will be able to determine the number of valence electrons for any element and draw an electron dot diagram for any atom....

[Free Registration/Login may be required to access all resource tools.] In the following online tutorial students will calculate the wavelength, frequency, and energy of light using Planck's constant and the speed of light. They will...

Young scholars interpret the information given in the periodic table to describe the arrangement of electrons on the energy levels around an atom.

This lesson will demonstrate how to write the electron configurations for any element given its location on the periodic table. It is 3 of 3 in the series titled "Writing Electron Configurations."

Students act as engineers to apply what they know about how circuits work in electrical/motorized devices to design their own battery-operated model motor vehicles with specific paramaters. They calculate the work done by the vehicles...

Good site includes the basics of arrangement, hybridization, and gemetry.

Provides good objectives to go along with a text discussion of hybridization. Complete with illustrations, charts, and graphics.

An advanced explanation of the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory describes specific molecular models involving digonal, trigonal, tetrahedral, and octahedral coordination, as well as central atoms with five bonds....

[Free Registration/Login may be required to access all resource tools.] The following online tutorial explains the basis of VSEPR theory. It helps students predict the shapes of molecules and polyatomic ions using VSEPR theory and it...

[Free Registration/Login may be required to access all resource tools.] In this interactive learning module, students will learn a technique to predict molecular geometry based on a molecule's Lewis electron dot structure.

Short slide show provides basic information about drawing Lewis dot structures for covalent compounds. Starts with anatomy of the atom, and then shows the relationship between atomic particles and the Periodic Table of Elements. Offers...

Explanation of Noble gases and of how atoms attempt to fill their outermost valence shells for stability.

This site talks about ionic, polar covalent, and non-polar covalent bonding.

This slide presentation contains a few slides that will be useful for students learning to write Lewis structures. A discussion of multiple bonds is included, and clear examples are shown.

An excellent lesson on writing Lewis structures. Examples shown include ammonium ion, carbon dioxide and the carbonate ion.

This site provides a detailed overview of atoms. Content explores an atom's structure, as well as what ions are, how atoms bond, what compounds are (including how to name compounds), and what isotopes are.