The Library of Congress presents the "Political and cultural history of France from 1498 to 1661" France's Renaissance, eight civil wars, and the Bourbons. Also click on "The Rise and Fall of the Absolute Monarchy," for history from the...

This site provides an in-depth historical detail on the rise of Portuguese trade and exploration. Special attention is given to the history of the Portuguese monarchy and the conditions that led to the nation's rise in power. Further...

From the early 18th to the mid-19th century, dynamic transformations in European art mirrored turbulent political and social changes, including revolutions, imperial conquests, and the emergence of the modern industrial age....