Alessandro Volta invents the first primitive battery, discovering that electricity can be generated through chemical processes; scientists quickly seize on the new tool to invent electric lighting. Meanwhile, a profound insight into the...

Scientists take important steps toward a fuller understanding of electricity, as well as some fruitful missteps, including an elaborate but incorrect theory on animal magnetism that sets the stage for a groundbreaking invention.

Aided by tools such as static electricity machines and Leyden jars, scientists continue their experiments into the fundamentals of magnetism and electricity.

Scientists discover and probe x-rays and radioactivity, while inventors compete to build the first radio.

Computers evolve into PCs, researchers discover one new subatomic particle after another and the space age gives our psyches and science a new context.

Defense-related research leads to the computer, the world enters the atomic age and TV conquers America.

New tools such as special microscopes and the cyclotron take research to higher levels, while average citizens enjoy novel amenities such as the FM radio.

Scientists' understanding of the structure of the atom and of its component particles grows, the phone and radio become common, and the modern television is born.

Albert Einstein publishes his special theory of relativity and his theory on the quantum nature of light, which he identified as both a particle and a wave. With ever new appliances, electricity begins to transform everyday life.

The Scientific Revolution takes hold, facilitating the groundbreaking work of luminaries such as William Gilbert, who took the first truly scientific approach to the study of magnetism and electricity and wrote extensively of his findings.

In the Spanish langauge, discover the life and works of Isaac Newton. This site highlights his work and also provides links to obtain a greater understanding of these individual works.

Discover the life and accomplishments of the great German scientist Max Planck. This site also provides links to sites explaining theories and scientific terms that are associated with Planck.

A biography of Max Planck, covering his research interests and contributions to science, as well as more personal information about his family and life.

Use this resource to learn about Stephen Hawking's famous contributions to the world of science and science theory despite his crippling battle with Lou Gehrig's disease.

This site gives brief biographical information about Austrian physicist, Erwin Schrodinger.

Read about three famous British atomic physicists, each of whom won a Nobel Prize. J.J. Thompson discovered the electron, Ernest Rutherford successfully split an atom, and George Paget Thomson proved that electrons had wave-like properties.

Brief biography of Mohammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi, famous for his contributions to the fields and studies of medicine, astronomy, philosophy, and physics.

This tutorial from the Math Forum provides the approach to problem solving made famous by Enrico Fermi. Fermi, a brilliant Italian physicist, used estimation frequently in problem-solving.

Discoverer of Radium, Marie Curie.

A special feature on Einstein from the BBC, in Spanish. Follow Einstein's life, including his role in the development of the atomic bomb; learn about the impact and practical applications of his work; or watch a speech he gave in 1950...

Useful biographical information, quotes, and famous works of English physicist, Stephen Hawking.

"An easy primer by the world's most famous living physicist," this is a readable, understandable, an absolutely authoritative text on relativity from TIME magazine. A five-page article.

"An easy primer by the world's most famous living physicist," this is a readable, understandable, an absolutely authoritative text on relativity from TIME magazine. A five-page article.

"An easy primer by the world's most famous living physicist," this is a readable, understandable, an absolutely authoritative text on relativity from TIME magazine. A five-page article.