This series of images is a combined collection of over three museums' collections of optics images. The images are sorted by pages with about nine images per page and over ten pages.

Several short descriptions of demonstrations which illustrate principles of geometric optics (many of which focus upon refraction).

This site from Bartleby.com contains great information on the Optic nerve. Two picture/charts are provided along with a packed defintion on the subject. This definition was taken as an insert out of Henry Gray's Anatamony of the Human Body.

A number of strands of fiber optic cable emit a glowing light at the tips, the effect further enhanced by the black background.

This experiment demonstrates the concept of total internal reflection, using basic materials. Accompanied by a detailed explanation of what's happening, and links to articles on reflection and refraction.

What is fiber optics and how does it work? Sajan Saini explores the vital technology.

This physics department site provides a definition and explanation of the phenomenon of total internal reflection. Includes a diagram and an equation for calculating the critical angle for light approaching a surface.

Describes the importance of laser technology to modern life, how the laser was invented, how lasers work, and what we can expect in the future from laser technology. [Date of Article: October 27, 2010]

Read about the technological advances that brought on the information age at the beginning of the 21st century. The internet, e-mail, and the spread of fiber-optic cables revolutionized the amount of information available to the ordinary...

This site provides a very brief definition to geometric optics, and includes links to related information.

Students can see light reflected and refracted in this demonstration. They will also discover the total internal reflection of light.

This site from Georgia State University is an indexing page for several other pages on the topic of reflection. Topics are treated in an understandable manner and utilize meaningful graphics.

A video lecture series illustrating the fundamentals of laseroptics. Topics include the physical interpretation of laser and fiberoptic phenomena and their applications.

An online version of articles and activities from the Exploratorium Magazine, Vol. 23, No. 3. This issue looked at how we are able to examine the inside of the human body, what kinds of technology are used, and how each of them is used...

Ed Boyden shows how, by inserting genes for light-sensitive proteins into brain cells, he can selectively activate or de-activate specific neurons with fiber-optic implants. With this unprecedented level of control, he's managed to cure...

Theodore Maiman built the world's first operable laser. Ironically, Maiman's first paper announcing this momentous achievement, which many other scientists had been racing to complete themselves, was rejected. Since then, however, lasers...

Learners learn about the basic properties of light and how light interacts with objects. They are introduced to the additive and subtractive color systems, and the phenomena of refraction. Students further explore the differences between...

Strips of gelatin dessert and a laser pointer demonstrate total internal reflection.